| A | B |
|---|
| the vertebral bodies of the lumbar spine are designed to | bear mainly compressive loads |
| the lumbar vertebrae are progressively..caudally (towards bakc) as the ...of the body increases | larger caudally as the superimposed weight of the body increases |
| loads on teh lumbar spine are produced mainly by | body weight, muscle activity, pre-stress exerted by ligaments and externally applied loads |
| the line of gravity for the trunk is foward to the...thus the spine is subjected to a .. | foward to the transverse axis of the spine thus the spine is sugjected to constant forward bending torque |
| during daily activities, the lumbar discs are loaded in a | complex manner |
| flexion/extension and lateral flexion produce mainly.. | tensile and compressive forces |
| intrinisc intra-disc pressure is about.. | 10 Pa |
| in a disc pressure loaded in compression the pressure is about...the externally applied pressure | 1.5X |
| becasuse the nucleas is only slightly compressible, a compression load makes the disc | bulge laterally |
