| A | B |
| colloquial | slang |
| connotation | the emotional effect |
| denotation | the dictionary definition |
| diction | selection of this is based on such consideration as multisyllabic, euphonious, connotation, formal |
| imagery | The use of vivid or figurative language to represent objects, actions , or ideas |
| ethos | an appeal to the ethics and character of the speaker |
| hyperbole | An exaggerated statement |
| idiom | An expression that means something other than the literal meanings of its individual words |
| inference | requires consturcting meaning by combining information from the text with background knowledge |
| irony | The use of words to convey the opposite of their literal meaning: a statement or situation where the meaning is contradicted by the appearance |