| A | B |
|---|
| Fort Sumter | Fort taken by the South that sparked the Civil War |
| border states | Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri |
| cotton diplomacy | South's use of cotton to persuade the British to join the Confederacy |
| Jefferson Davis | President of the Confederacy |
| Abraham Lincoln | President of the Union; 16th President of the United States |
| Elizabeth Blackwell | first woman to receive a license to practice medicine |
| Richmond, VA | Capital of the Confederacy |
| Washington, DC | Capital of the Union |
| First Battle of Bull Run | First real battle of the Civil War, won by the South |
| Battle of Antietam | Bloodiest one day battle of the Civil War, won by the North |
| ironclads | warships heavily armored with iron |
| Irvin McDowell | Union general who led first charge against Richmond; troops were untrained and strategy was too complicated |
| Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson | Rallied Confederate troops during the First Battle of Bull Run, leading them to victory |
| George B. McClellan | Union general who constantly waited, causing him to be removed from command |
| Robert E. Lee | Best Confederate general who declined opportunity to lead Union army because of his family |
| Siege of Vicksburg | Battle that lasted six weeks in which Confederate soldiers began to eat horses, dogs, and rats for food |
| Ulysses S. Grant | Given leadership of Union army in West after capturing Tennessee and Kentucky |
| David G. Farragut | naval admiral of the North who captured New Orleans |
| Mississippi River | Key to Union's success; controlling this meant cutting the South in half |
| Emancipation Proclamation | an order that called for all slaves in areas rebelling against the Union to be freed |
| contrabands | escaped slaves who volunteered to fight for the Union |
| 54th Massachusetts Infantry | regiment consisting of free African Americans who helped capture Fort Wagner |
| Copperheads | Northern Democrats who opposed the war |
| habeas corpus | constitutional protection against unlawful imprisonment |
| Clara Barton | started the Red Cross in 1864 |
| Battle of Gettysburg | Union Civil War victory that turned turned the tide of the war; more than 50,000 soldiers were killed |
| Gettysburg Address | speech given by Abraham Lincoln in which he praised Union soldier's bravery |
| total war | Type of war in which an army destroys ints opponent's ability to fight by targeting military as well as civilian and economic resources |
| William Tecumseh Sherman | led Union soldiers on a march to the sea, engaging in total war |
| 1861-1865 | Years Civil War was fought |
| blue | color of the Union army |
| gray | color of the Confederate army |
