| A | B |
|---|
| incubator | the place where organisms are warmed to grow |
| chloroplast | the site of photosynthesis |
| nuclear membrane | double membrane of lipids and proteins that surrounds the nucleus of a cell |
| endospores | a dormant structure containing cytoplasm and DNA enclosed by a tough coating (or envelope), often found in bacteria that will survive through unfavorable conditions |
| flagella | hair like structure(s) made up of microtubules that function for motility |
| host | an organism that supports a parasite |
| parasite | an organism that obtains its nutrition at the expense of another |
| obligate aerobe | an organism that requires oxygen |
| obligate anaerobe | an organism that lives in the absence of oxygen and dies when exposed to air |
| autotroph | an organism that synthesizes organic molecules from inorganic substances |
| heterotroph | an organism that cannot make its own food |
| lytic cycle | the basic reproductive process of viruses, where the replication of hte virus destroys the host cell |
| virulent phage | a disease causing virus that infects bacterial cells |
| pili or pilus | appendage(s) bacteria use to attach to objects |
| capsule | a protective layer of slime around the cell wall |
| facultative anaerobes | these organisms can live with or without oxygen |
| Bacteriophage | a virus that infects bacteria |
| envelope | the tough coating around an endospore which enables the DNA and cytoplasm to lie dormant for many years |
| mosaic virus | found on the tobacco plant |
| viroid | a short single strand of RNA with no surrounding capsid, these infect plants such as the potato, coconut, citrus |
| Staphylococci | clusters of spherical bacterial cells |
| Streptococci | filaments of spherical bacterial cells |
| saprophyte | an organism that feeds on dead organic material |
| Pasteurization | the process of heating a substance to kill microorganisms developed by Louis Pasteur |
| Animalia | the kingdom made up of eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic organisms that ingest foods |
| Protista | the kingdom made up of eukaryotic, unicellular, autotrophic or heterotrophic organisms |
| Monera | the kingdom of prokaryotic, unicellular, autotrophic or heterotrophic organisms. They lack nuclei and other membrane bound organelles |
| lysogenic | literally to break open a cell and use it to generate more virusesiruses which do not destroy the host cell |
| tail fibers | the "legs" of a virus that attach to its host cell, they contain proteins that have an affinity to the host cell wall |
| capsid | a protein covering that encases the virus |
| tail sheath | the protein structure that will "inject" the genetic material of a bacteriophage into the host cell |
| nucleic acid | an organic molecule, DNA or RNA, that stores and carries important information for cell function |
| helical virus | a virus in the shape of a helix, or spiral |
| penicillin | a product of the fungus penicillium, this chemical inhibits the growth of many Gram-positive bacteria |
| agar | nutrient medium for growing cultures made from seaweed |
| bacillus | rod shaped bacteria |
| binary fission | reproducing by splitting in two; an asexual, miotic division of unicellular organisms that roduces identical offspring |
| virus | a biological particle composed of genetic material and protien that is not usually considered to be a living organism |
| chemosynthesis | the synthesis of organic matter from inorganic compounds by using chemicals instead of sunlight |
| coccus | spherical shaped bacteria |
| colony | a group of unicellular organisms that live together in closely connected groups |
| conjugation | a form of reproduction in which genetic information moves from a cell of one filament to a cell of an adjoining filament |
| culturing | the growing of a colony of cells in a nutrient rich medium in ambient conditions |
| DNA, RNA | the genetic material that contains and transmits information on cell growth, regulation and characteristic features |
| fixing | the process of converting a gas into a chemical compound within an organism or the environment |
| lysogenic cycle | the lifecycle of a temperate virus (non-virulent) |
| nitrogen fixation | the process by which gaseous nitrogen in the air is converted into nitrates and nitrites |
| photosynthetic | an organism that makes its food by converting sunlight into chemical energy, glucose |
| spirillium | a spiral shaped bacteria |
| staining | the use of dyes to color the structures of bacteria of other organisms so they are more visible, crystal violet colors the "Gram-positive" bacteria |
