| A | B |
|---|
| eukaryotic cell | Most of the DNA is contained in an organelle called the nucleus |
| prokaryotic cell | Type of cell where DNA is concentrated in a region not cnclosed by a membrane |
| plasma membrane | A selective barrier that allows sufficient passage of oxygen, nutrients, and wastes to service the entire cell |
| fimbriae | Attachment structures on the surface of prokaryotes |
| cell wall | Rigid structure outside the plasma membrane |
| capsule | Jellylike outer coating of many prokaryotes |
| ribosomes | Complexes made of ribosomal RNA and protein, are the cellular components that carry out protein synthesis |
| flagella | Locomotion organelles of some bacteria |
| golgi apparatus | Organelle active in synthesis, modification, sorting, and secretion of cell products |
| mitochondrion | Organelle where cellular respiration occurs and most ATP is generated |
| endoplasmic reticulum | Network of membranous sacs and tubes that is active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes |
| chloroplast | Photosynthetic organelle; converts energy of sunlight to chemical energy stored in sugar molecules |
| central vacuole | Used for storage, breakdown of waste products, hydrolysis of macromolecules, and retain water |
| nucleus | Contains most of the genes in the eukaryotic cell |
| chromosomes | Structures that carry genetic information |
| lysosome | Membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes that an animal cell uses to digest macromolecules |
| mitosis | Process by which a eukaryotic cell separates the chromosmes in its cell nucleus into two identical nuclei |
| interphase | Where majority of the time is spent during cell division and also where preparation for cell division is taken place |
| meiosis | Type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms consisting of two rounds of cell division but only one round of DNA replication |
| organelle | Specialized subunit within a cell that has a certain function enclosed within a lipid bilayer |
| lipid bilayer | Thin membrane made of two layers of lipid molecules containing hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails |
| phospholipids | Class of lipids that form the lipid bilayer of a cell membrane |
| cocci | Spherical shaped prokaryotic cell |
| bacilli | Rod shaped prokaryotic cell |
| spirochaete | Spiral shaped prokaryotic cell |
| vibrio | Comma shaped prokaryotic cell |
| binary fission | Form of asexual reproduction and cell division used by all prokaryotes, some protozoa, and some organelles within eukaryotic organisms |
| peptidoglycan | Polymer consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms a mesh-like layer outside the plasma membrane of bacteria, forming the cell wall |
| gap junction | Specialized intercellular connection between a multitude of animal cell-types |
| haploid | Number of chromosomes in a gamete of an individual |
| diploid | Cells that have two homologous copies of each chromosome |
| glycoprotein | Proteins that contain an oligosaccharide chain covalently attached to polypeptide side-chains |
| phosphorylation | Addition of a phosphate group to a protein or other organic molecule |
| cyclin | Protein that controls the progression of cells through the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinase enzymes |
| ATP | Multifunctional nucleotide used in cells as a coenzyme |
| DNA | Nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms and some viruses |
| RNA | Biologically important type of molecule that consists of a long chain of nucleotide units |
| peroxisome | Participate in the metabolism of fatty acids and many other metabolites |
| lysosome | Enzyme-containing organelle used to break up food so it is easier to digest |
| chlorosome | Used for photosynthesis in prokaryotic cells |
