| A | B |
|---|
| Allele | An alternate expression of a gene |
| Co-Dominance | Both alleles contribute to the phenotype |
| Dihybrid Inheritance | A cross between purebreeding individuals with two alternate traits |
| Dominant | An allele which masks its alternate form |
| Epistasis | Where the effects of one gene are modified by one or several other genes |
| Gene | A section of DNA which codes for an mRNA/protein mlecule |
| Genotype | The specific allele makeup of an organism |
| Heterozygous | Consists of both a dominant and recessive allele |
| Homozygous | Consists of two identical alleles |
| Incomplete Dominance | Where the heterozygote is not identical to homozygous dominant phenotype. |
| Independent Assortment | During gamete formation, alleles of different genes are selected independantly |
| Lethal Gene | A mutation which leads to the death of the oganism |
| Linked Genes | Genes from the same loci which are inherited together |
| Monohybrid Inheritance | Inheritance of a single characteristic |
| Multiple Alleles | Most gene loci have more than two variations |
| Phenotype | An observable trait or characteriestic of an organism |
| Recessive | An allele which is masked by its alternative form |
| Segregation | When a gamete is produced, alleles are separated from their pairs. |
| Sex-Linked Genes | The expression of a gene is linked to gender |
| Test Cross | Used to determine whether an individual is heterozygous or homozygous dominant |
| Trait | A phenotype which can be determined by genes or the environment |
| Carrier | An organism than can pass on a particular gene without the gene being expressed. |
| Chiasma | The point where two chromatids are intertwined during crossing over |
| Inbreeding | The reproduction from the mating of two genetically related parents, which can increase the chances of offspring being affected by recessive or deleterious traits. |
| Multiple Alleles | Any of a set of three or more alleles, or alternative states of a gene, only two of which can be present in a diploid organism |
| Pleitropy | When a single gene influences multiple phenotypic traits |
| Polygene | Two or more independent genes have a similar and additive effect on one characteristic. |
| Co-dominance | Where the heterozygote shows both dominant and recessive traits |
| Over dominance | Where the heterozygote falls out of the range of the homozygotes |
| Collaboration | Where two genes interact to form a novel phenotype |
| Supplementary Gene | A masking effect of one pair of alleles on another |
| Complimentary Gene | Two dominant alleles are needed to express a certain phenotype |
| Modifier Gene | Where one gene changes the expression of another |
