| A | B |
|---|
| Historic Period | Marked by the invention of writing |
| Homo Sapiens | 1st humans. Ability to speak. |
| Paleolithic | hunter-gatherer society |
| Hunter-Gatherers | Nomadic clans migrate out of Africa. Stone tools and fire. |
| Cave drawings | Paloelithic art |
| Neolithic | Agricultural Revlution created new tools, more population, and the first cities |
| Stonehenge | England. Neolithic site |
| Carbon 14 | Exact system of dating |
| Gift of the Nile | Egypt is created from the life-giving Nile River |
| Cradles of civilization | river valleys |
| Delta | Where Nile flows into Mediterranean Sea. Triangular. |
| Pharaoh | God-king of Egypt |
| Empire | One group conquers many others |
| Tributary states | Those conquered by an empire |
| Scribes | Record-keepers |
| Hieroglyphs | Egyptian picture writing |
| Pyramids | Preserve pharoah's mummy for the afterlife |
| Polytheism | Belief in many gods |
| Tigris and Euphrates | Mesopotamian Rivers |
| Fertile Crescent | Mesopotamian region |
| Sumer | Earliest Mesopotamian city-state |
| City-state | city and surrounding farmland |
| Ziggurat | Sumerian/Meso temple. |
| Cunieform | Sumer/Meso wedged-shaped writing |
| Code of Hammurabi | Early Meso law codes. harsh. eye for an eye. |
| Phonecia | city-states set up for trade around the Mediterranean Sea |
| Alphabet | Phoenician. Phoenetic - each symbol represents a sound |
| Hebrews | Jordan River Valley |
| Abraham | Founder of Judaism |
| Moses | Leads Hebrews out of Egyptian slavery |
| Exodus | Moses leads people out of Egypt |
| Ten Commandments | Moral code/laws of the Hebrews |
| Torah | 1st five books of the Old Testament. Holy book of the Hebrews/Jews |
| Diaspora | Hebrews taken slaves by Babylonians. |
| Yahweh | Alleged early Hebrew name for "god" |
| Monotheism | Belief in one god. Judaism, Christianity, Islam |
| Persia | Largest empire to that time |
| Royal Road | Persian roads joined their empire geographically |
| Zoroastrianism | Religion of the Persians. Unified |
| Dualism | Good vs Evil. Central idea of Zoroastrianism |
| Imperial bureaucracy | Persian system of governors ruling the provinces |
| Hindu-Kush | mountains northwest India |
| Himilayas | mountains northeast India. Separates India and China |
| Khyber | mountain pass through Hindu-Kush into India |
| Indus and Ganges | Rivers India |
| Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro | Twin cities in the Indus River Valley Civilization |
| Aryans | Invade Indus Valley. Bring Hinduism and Caste |
| Hinduism | Reincarnation, Karma, Caste |
| Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva | Hindu forms of god(s) |
| Vedas and Upanishads | Hindu holy books |
| Karma | One's good/bad deeds effects future incarnations |
| Caste System | Indian social system tied into Hinduism. Rigid |
| Siddhartha Gautama | founder of Buddhism. Buddha |
| Four Noble Truths | Basic teaching of Siddhartha. Life is suffering... |
| Eightfold Path | Way to reach Enlightenment for Buddhists. |
| Asoka | Mauryan emperor. Orders spread of Buddhism |
| Gupta Empire | Indian Golden Age. Numerals, Sanskrit literature, world is round |
| Shang | River Valley Civilization of China |
| Ancestor worship | Shang. Respect ancestors through prayer and offerings |
| Huang He | Yellow River, China, River Valley Civilization |
| Oracle bones | oldest form of written Chinese characters |
| Qin Shihuangdi | 1st emperor of China. Great Wall |
| Great Wall | Chinese wall built to keep invaders out. Qin |
| Silk Road | trade route to Mediterranean Sea |
