| A | B |
|---|
| eukaryotic cell | a type of cell with membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles |
| prokaryotic cell | type of cell lacking membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles |
| plasma membrane | the membrane at the boundary of every cell acting as a selective barrier |
| nucleoid | dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell |
| cytoplasm | contents of the cell exclusive of the nucleus and contained by the plasma membrane |
| nuclear envelope | the double membrane in the eukaryotic cell that encloses the nucleus, separating it from the cytoplasm |
| chromosomes | cellular structure carrying genetic material, found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells |
| chromatin | the complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome |
| nucleolus | a specialized structure in the nucleus, consisting of chromatin regions containing ribosomal RNA |
| endomembrane system | the collection of membranes inside and around a eukaryotic cell |
| vesicles | a sac made of membrane in the cytoplasm |
| smooth er | the portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribsomes |
| rough er | the portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is studded with ribosomes |
| glycoproteins | group of complex proteins containing a carbohydrate as a nonprotein coponent |
| vesicles | membrane-bound sac in eukaryotic cells that stores or transports the products of metabolism in the cell |
| phagocytosis | cellular eating |
| pinocytosis | cellular drinking |
| mitochondria | organelle in the cytoplasm of cells that functions in energy production |
| chloroplasts | organelle in plant cells that absorbs sunlight and uses it to power the creation of organic compounds in the cell |
| peroxisome | organelle with enzymes that tranfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen, where hydrogen peroxide is formed |
| cristae | infolding of mitochondria that houses electron transport chains and molecules of the catalyst that pushes along ATP production |
| thylakoids | flattened sac inside a chloroplast that work to convert light into chemical energy |
| granum | a stack of thylakoids that function in light reactions of photosynthesis |
| stroma | dense fluid surrounding the granum inside the chloroplasts |
| motor proteins | protein that works to move the cell as a whole or just a part of the cell |
| microtubules | hollow rod of proteins in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and cilia, flagella and the cytoskeleton |
| centrosome | important for cell division, acting as a microtubule-organizing center |
| centrioles | structure in the cytoplasm composed of triplets of microtubules; consists of two centrosomes |
| flagella | long cellular appendage specialized for call locomotion |
| cilia | short cellular appendage containing microtubules; used for cell locomotion |
| basal body | organization of flagella or cilia in a eukaryotic cell |
| microfilaments | makes up part of the cytoskeleton and assists in cellular contraction |
| actin | globular protein forming micorfilaments in muscle and other cells |
| myosin | protein filament that acts as a motor protein with actin filaments to perform cell contraction |
| pseudopodia | cellular extension of amoeboid cells used in moving and feeding |
| cell wall | protective layer outside the plasma membrane in plant cells, prokaryotes, fungi, and some protists |
| plasmodesmata | open channel of the cell wall through which strands of cytocol form another plant cell connect |
| collagen | glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms connective tissue in bones |
| proteoglycans | glycoprotein consisting of a small core protein with many carbohydrate chains |
| integrins | transmembrane receptor protein that connects extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton |
