| A | B |
|---|
| The process of taking particles into a cell is called | endocytosis |
| A specific process of taking in larger particles into a cell often used by organisms like the amoeba and macrophages is called | phagocytosis |
| A process of taking fluids into a membrane by forming a vessicle around the substance is called | pinocytosis |
| Which of these would contain digestive enzymes that would be used to breakdown particles by the cell? | lysosomes |
| The most abundant cholesterol carrier in the body is | HDL |
| Which of these cells does not have a cell wall? | plants have cell walls animals don't |
| Which of these is the most irregular shaped cell ? | animals cells are irregular shaped |
| Which of these cells contained chloroplasts ? | leaves contain chlorophyll |
| The highest magnification that is possible with our scopes is | 400 |
| Which of these cells have membrane bound organelles including a nucleus | eukaryotes |
| Which of these is got grouped in the eukaryote class? | bacteria |
| a group of cells would form a | tissue |
| 19. Which of these is the correct sequence from the least complex to the most complex | cell tissue organ system organism |
| Which of these is a microtubule involved in cell reproduction by attaching to the chromosomes and pulling the homologues apart? | centrioles |
| Which of these organelles synthesizes proteins? | ribosomes |
| Which of these is a microfilament that is hair like and involved in movement of the organism? | cilia |
| Which of these organelles is used for filtering out toxins in the cell, synthesizing phospholipids | smooth Endoplasmic reticulum |
| Which of these organelles would be involved in storage of plant pigments, lipids and starches? | vacuoles |
| Which of these organelles in the cell is involved in cell respiration and are more abundant in the more active cells like cardiac cells | mitochondria |
| Which of these organelles contains enzymes and is involved in intracellular digestion | lysosomes |
| This organelle is responsible for making the ribosomes within the cell. | nucleolus |
| This cell organelle is responsible for modification, packaging and moving proteins to the correct location | golgi bodies |
| The first part of cell respiration is | glycolysis |
| The main energy source for cell respiration is | glucose |
| A high energy bond that is used as carrier of electrons in cell respiration is | ATP |
| The stage in cell respiration where most of the ATP is produced is | electron transport system |
| The product of anaerobic fermentation in plants is | ethanol |
| The products of aerobic fermentation is | ATP, carbon dioxides and water |
| The net production of ATP in Anaerobic fermentation is | 2 |
| The net production or ATP in aerobic respiration is | 36 |
| Which wavelength has the greatest amount of energy | violet |
| What wavelength is not absorbed by plants | green |
| A reaction where energy is absorbed into the reaction is is called | endergonic |
| What low energy compounds are used in photosynthesis? | carbon dioxide and water |
| What happens during the light reaction in photosynthesis? | water is split into H2 gas and O2 gas |
| The oxygen that is released during photosynthesis comes from | water |
| During the dark reaction | hydrogen combines with carbon dioxide to form glucose |
| . When a piece of liver is dropped into hydrogen peroxide, the peroxide bubbles vigorously as the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) decomposes into water (H2O) and oxygen (O2). However, if the liver is cooked first, the reaction fails to occur. The reason for this is | heat destroys enzymes |
| The part of the enzyme where the substrate binds is known as the | active site |
| Enzyme names always end with the suffix | ase |
| Which of the enzymes mentioned in the lab acted on starches and was secreted on the mouth by the salivary glands | amylase |
| Of the enzymes mentioned in the lab which enzyme breaks down proteins? | pepsin |
| Of the enzymes mentioned in the lab which broke down fats? | lipase |
| Which of these processes results in the formation of two somewhat genetically identical daughter cells | mitosis |
| The end result of meiosis II in the human female is | one oocyte and 3 polar bodies |
| Cell walls are made up of | cellulose |
| cellulose is a long chain of | glucose |
| a monosaccharide has how many oxgens | 6 C6H12O6 |
| a disaccharide has how many oxygens | C12H22O11 |
| what chemical reaction involves breaking the bonds of a dissacharide | hydrolysis |
| what is the empirical formula for carbohydrates | CH2O |
| Name three polysaccharides of glucose | glcogen, starch, and cellulose |
| sugars end in what suffix | ose |
| what indicator was used to test for carbohydrates | benedict from blue to yellow or red |
| what indicator is use to test for starch | iodine turns from brown to black |
| what tests are used for lipids | solubility and brown bag |
| what test is used for proteins | nitric acid turns yellow |
| what three elements are found in carbohydrates | oxygen, carbon and hydrogen |
| common table sugar is called | sucrose |
| what is considered a producer in the food chain | a green plant |
| what is the definition of diffusion | the random movement from high concentration to low concentration |
| what is osmosis | the diffusion of water from high concentation to low concentration |
| cell membranes are made up of | phospholipid bilayer |
| what is a hypertonic solution | the dissolved solute is greater outside the cell and water concentration is greater inside the cell |
| if a red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution it will | shrink, water will flow out of the cell |
| The father of genetics is | Mendel |
| what is true about a recessive trait | it only shows up in the homozygous condition |
| Inflated pods is dominant over constricted pods in pea plants. If you cross a plant that has inflated pods but carries the trait for constricted pods with another plant that has constricted pods, what percent of the next generation would have inflated pods? | 50% constricted and 50% inflated |
| The observable trait is the | phenotype |
| In pea plants the allele for green pods ( G ) is dominant and the allele for yellow pods is recessive. A researcher crosses two green pea plants and the F1 generation is 25% of the offspring exhibit yellow pods. What are the possible genotypes of the parents? | Gg and Gg |
| In humans the childs sex is determined by the? | father xy |
| In snapdragons, tallness ( T) is dominant to dwarfness (t) In a cross between two plants that are homozygous for the recessive allele, the percent of the offspring expected to exhibit tallness is | 0% |
| In Snapdragons red flower color is due to the gene (R) and the white allele is (r) The heterozygous condition results in a pink flower ( Rr) In a cross between two pink snapdragons, what percent of the offspring will be expected to be pink? | 50% |
| Chromosomes that carry the genes that code for the same product, such as hemoglobin or eye pigment, are said to be? | homozygous |
| Each parent contributes on e of the genes for a particular trait. The genes of the pair are called? | allele |
| The shape of DNA is | helical |
| what nitrogen bases make up DNA | thymine,adenosine, cytosine and guanine |
| what nitrogen bases make up RNA | uracil, adenosine, cytosine, and guanine |
| Which of these is the correct base pairs that matches CCGTTAG? | GGCAATC |
| bacteria produce by | binary fission |
| organism that live off of dead material are called | saprophytes |
| bacteria are classified as | monerans |
| where are bacteria not found | they are found everywhere |
| the oldest fossils were | bacteria |
| the oldest fossils are how old | 4.3 billion |
| Name three viral diseases | influenza, cold, mumps |
| pathogen causing syphylis | Treponema pallidum |
| pathogen causing gonnerhea | Gonnerhea neisserae |
| pathogen causing genital warts | human paplioma virus |
| A young male that is overly sexually active and non discrete presents to a family doctor with purulent discharge from his urethral opening. The doctor takes a culture and makes a diagnosis of | Gonnorhea |
| Glucose is stored in animals as | glycogen |
| glucose is stored in plants as | starch |
| hormone that controls glucose uptake | insulin |
| hormone that breaks glycogen down into glucose | glucagon |
| If a person has a genetic deficiency that prevents the secretion of the hormone that regulates the uptake of glucose they are diagnosed with | Diabetes mellitus |
| If a person is diagnosed with Type II diabetes , your first course of action would be | diet and exercise |
| When blood sugar is low what hormone is released | glucagon to convert glycogen to glucose |
| What gland secretes glucagon | pancreas |
| what gland secretes insulin | pancreas |
| the female menstrual cycle last how many days | 28 |
| menstruation lasts how many days | 5 |
| on what day of the cycle is ovulation | 13 |
| what hormone causes the follicle to develop | FSH follicle stimulation hormone |
| what hormone causes ovulation | LH leutenizing hormone |
| where is the egg located | in the follicle of the ovary |
| what hormone maintains the uterine ling | progesterone |
| fertilization of the egg takes place in the | fallopian tubes |
| implantation of the egg and development of the embryo takes place in the | uterus |
| what is considered pregnancy | the attachment of the zygote to the uterus |
| a ferilized egg is called a | zygote |
| a cell that contains only half of the chromosomes is | haploid |
| in humans a normal cell diploid contains how many chromosomes | 46 |
| how many chromosomes are in the sperm and egg cells | 23 |
| what cells in humans are considered haploid | gametes like egg and sperm |
| The least complex invertebrate is | sponge |
| Which produces greater sexual diversity sexual or asexual reproduction | sexual reproduction |
| What term means warm blooded | endotherm |
| What phylum would you place a lamprey | cartilaginous fish |
| What body symmetry is spoke shaped | radial |
| WBC elevated duing parasite infection | eosinophils |
| WBC elevated during allergy attack | basophil |
| chemical released during allergic reaction | histamine |
| Thread like material of a fungus it the | hyphae |
| fungus are classified by | their reproductive structures, like ascus, basidiuim |
| organisms that live off dead material are classified as | saprophytes |
| mushrooms that are not edible are | toadstools |
| any organism that is a mutual combination of an algae and fungus | lichen |
| diatoms are classified as | golden algae |
| blood enters the right atium via the | superior and inferior vena cavae |
| name 5 endocrine glands | hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, adrenal, gonads |
| red blood cells are produced in the | bone marrow of long bones |
| red blood cells live for | about 120 days |
| what cells are involved in the bodies immune system | white blood cells |
| what blood partricle is involved in clotting | plateletes |
| the appendix is located | in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen |
| a patient complains of pain in the upper right quadrant, right of the sternum and just u nder the rib cage after a fatty meal | gall stones |
| glycerol comes from the digestion of | fats |
| the pH of the stomach is about | 2 |
| the function of bile is | to emulsify fat ( break down into smaller globules |
| the majority of the food is digested in | the duodenum |
| the structure that stores bile | gall bladder |
| type of food digested in the mouth | carbohydrates |
| the flap like structure over the trachea | epiglottis |
| The P spike on the EKG | atrial contraction ( depolarization) |
| the qrs spike on the EKG | ventricle contraction ( depolarization |
| hidden in the QRS spike | atrial relaxation ( repolarization) |
| the T spike | ventricle relaxation |
| the electrical origin in the heart | SA node |
| the electrical current travels around the ventricles via | purkinjie fibers |
| hypoxia refers to | low oxygen |
| which side of the heart has oxygenated blood | right |
| normal increase in RBC can be attributed dto | high altitudes |
| what are some things that can cause an increase in RBC's | high altitude, certain presciption drugs, smoking, |
| a general term for low red blood cell count | anemia |
| what can cause a reduction in RBC's | acute hemorrhaging, lack of iron or B!2, chemotherapy, |
| white blood cells can use what to fight infections | antibodies |
| bacteria reproduce by | binary fission |
| bacteria are classified as | prokaryotes |
| Name an organism that has a flageullum | sperm cells, euglena |
| name an organism that has pseudopods | amoeba |
| name an organims that has cilia | parameciuim |
| what organism has chlorophyll and a flagellum | euglena |
| the first human like fossils dated back how long ago | 5 million years ago |
| the first human like fossil was named | australopithecenes |
| the genus name for modern humans is | homo |
| A. afarensis dated back | 3.5 million years ago |
| which primate first used fire | Homo erectus |
| the primate that first used tools was | Homo hablis |
| Homo erectus became extinct about how long ago | 300,000 years ago |
| structures that have similar functions are called | homologous |
| structures that have no apparent function of use are called | vestigial |
