| A | B |
|---|
| homozygous | alleles are identical |
| heterozygous | when the genotype includes both a dominant and a recessive allele |
| genotype | symbols used to represent the alleles of an organism |
| phenotype | written description of the trait we observe in an organism |
| dominant | a trait that masks another; represented by a capital letter |
| recessive | a trait that is only expressed in the homozygous form |
| allele | a varying form of a gene |
| Johannsen | first used the word " gene " |
| Mendel | the father of genetics ( studied pea plants) |
| Morgan | proved that genes are located on chromosomes ( worked with fruit flies ) |
| point mutation | a mistake in the DNA base sequence |
| chromosomal mutation | the addition, deletion, or malformation of a chromosome |
| Punnett square | used to predict probable outcomes of crosses |
| BB x bb | the genotypes of the parents in a typical monohybrid cross |
| chromosomes | coils of DNA which contain genetic information |
| XX | Female sex chromosomes |
| XY | Male sex chromosomes |
| Haploid | Number of pairs of chromosomes in an organism's cells |
| Diploid | Number of chromosomes in an oranism's cells |
| Meiosis | reproduction cell division |
| Mitosis | Cell division which results in two identical daughter cells |
| Autosome | A non-sex chromosome |
