| A | B |
|---|
| prerschool children | children between the ages of three and five years |
| intternal organs | parts inside of the body, such as the heart, lungs, and liver |
| reaction time | the timw required to respond to a sight or sound |
| dynamic balance | balance maintained while moving |
| static balance | balance maintained while being still |
| body rotation | the action of turning the trunk of the body to one side when the hand of the other side is used to throw |
| weight shift | the change of weight from the back foot to the front foot |
| manipulate | to work with an object by using the hands |
| preoperational stage | the second of Piaget's developmental stages in which children have begun to do some mental thinking rather than solving all problems with their physical actions |
| preconceptual substage | a substage of the preoperational stage in which children ages two to four years are developing some concepts |
| intuitive substage | a substage of the preoperational stage in which children can solve many problems correctly by imagining how they would act out a solution instead of using logic |
| egocentrism | a belief a person has that everyone thinks in the same way and has the same ideas as he or she does |
| mental images | symbols of objects and past experiences that are storerd in the mind |
| internalized | something that only is thought about and not shared with others |
| abstract | words that do not relate to what they represent |
| logical thinking concepts | concepts that are not directly experienced through the senses but arer developed through thought |
| classifying | the ability to choose an attribute and group all the objects from a set (either mentally or physically) that possess that attribute |
| monologue | talking to oneself as though thinking aloud |
| collective monologue | talking to another person but not listening to what the other person has said |
| initiative | the ability to think or act without being urged |
| guilt | blaming yourself for something done wrong |
| gender-role learning | learning what behavior is expected of males and females |
| sex-typing | treating boys and girls differently |
| sexual stereotyping | a syayement or hint that men and women always do or should do certain tasks |
| peers | unrelated children who are near the same age |
| stressors | situations that cause stress |
| emotional dependency | the act of seeking attention |
| repressed jealosy | feelings of jealosy not directly expressed and may even be denied |
| enuresis | an instance of involuntary (accidental) urination by a child over three years of age |
| compare | to see how objects and people are alike |
| contrast | to see how objects and people are different |
| passive observing | watching another's actions without responding |
| problem solving | noting a problem, observing and questioning what you see, and solving thte problem |
| transformation | the sequence of changes by which one state is changed to another |
| class | a group of items that have an attribute in common |
| class complement | in classifying, any object that does not belong within the class being considered |
| reversals | mentally doing and undoing an action |
| divergent thinking | coming up with different possible ideas |
| convergent thinking | coming up with only one right answer or way to do a task |
| cooperation | joint effort; getting along with others and considering their goals |
| altruistic behavior | concern for others |
| anger | a feeling caused by frustration |
| aggression | an attempt to hurt or an act of hurting someone |
| assertive | the act of speaking out, standing up for your rights, and defending yourself |
