| A | B |
|---|
| Model | Physical representation of something we can't see or is difficult to understand |
| Geologist | They study the earth |
| 4 parts of earth's interior | inner core, outer core, mantle, crust |
| Lithosphere | Contains the crust and upper mantle |
| Earthquake | Vibration of the ground |
| Focus | The place where rock actually breaks |
| Epicenter | The point on the surface directly above the focus |
| Seismic Waves | Energy waves released by earthquake. |
| Richter Scale | Scal used to measure the magnitude of an earthquake |
| Volcano | Opening in earth's crust that molten rock, ash, and gases escape |
| Seismograph | Measures wave energy from earthquakes |
| Surveyor's Level | Detects small changes in ground slope |
| weathering | Breaking down of rock |
| Erosion | Carrying away of rock by water |
| mechanical weathering | physical forces break down rock |
| chemical weathering | water and oxygen recting with minerals to help them crumble |
| biological weathering | wearing away of rock by living things |
| Sedimentation | sediments being deposited |
| Fluvial Landforms | landforms created by running water |
| sediment | sand, silt, mud and gravel |
| Glacier | moving mass of ice |
| Minerals | Pure naturally occuring solid material. Building blocks of Rocks |
| 5 most common minerals | calcite, quartz, feldspar, mica and hornblende |
| 6 properties of rock | colour, lustre, streak, cleavage, fracture and hardness |
| Lustre | the way a rock shines |
| fracture | rough uneven surfaces |
| cleavage | smooth surfaces |
| Moh's scale of Hardness | talc, gypsum, calcite, fluorite, apatite, feldspar, quartz, topaz, corundum, diamond |
| Sedimentary Rock | Layered rock formed by pressure |
| Igneous Rock | Formed from molten rock |
| Intrusive | Formed inside earth |
| Extrusive | Formed on surface of earth |
| Metamorphic | Formed from heat and pressure |
| remote sensing | mapping from satielles |
| Geophysical prospecting | using instruments to detect mineral deposits |
| Geochemical prospecting | using chemicals to analize mineral presence |
| Exploration | Digging, and drilling |
| Continental Drift | Moving apart of the continents |
| Pangaea | When the continents were one land mass |
| Alfred Wegener | Introduced theory of Continental drift |
| Trenches | Ocean (water) valleys |
| Ridges | Underwater Mountain ranges |
| Boundary | Edge of a continental Plate |
| Diverging Boundary | 2 plates moving apart (Mid atlantic Ridge) |
| Convergent Boundary | 2 plates coming together (Himalayas) |
| Subduction | Ocean Plates moving under and continental plate (Rocky Mountains) |
| Transform Boundary | two plates sliding past each other (San Andreas Fault) |
| Fold | Bend in earth |
| Fault | Crack in Earth |
| Anticline | Upfold |
| Syncline | Downfold |
| Fossils | Traces of a once living thing |
| Paleontologists | They study and interpret early life forms |
| Strata | Layers of Sediment |
| Precambrian | Formation of earth, simple organisms, soft bodied > 600 million years old |
| Paleozoic | 225 - 600 million yrs old , reptiles, amphibians, land plants, fish with jaws |
| Mesozoic | 65 - 225 millions yrs old, dinosaurs, flowering plants, mammals, birds |
| Cenozoic | 65 million- today, modern species, grasses, human like species |
