| A | B |
|---|
| Eli Whitney | Invented the cotton gin in 1793. |
| cotton gin | A machine that could remove seeds from cotton fibers, increasing cotton production. |
| consequences | results |
| processed | prepared |
| capital | money |
| William Gregg | S.Carolina merchant who opened his own textile factory. |
| Joseph Reid Anderson | Took over the Tredegar Iron Works and it became a leader in iron production. |
| barrier | obstacle |
| Innovation | New ideas or methods-in industry and technology began to change American lives. |
| Elias Howe | 1846 invented the sewing machine. |
| Robert Fulton | Develooped the Clermont, a reliable steamboat. |
| clipper ships | 1840s had sleek huls and tall sails-were the pride of the open seas. |
| Peter Cooper | Designed and built the first American steam locomotive in 1830 called the Tom Thumb. |
| transformed | changed |
| telegraph | An apparatus that used electric signals to transmit messages. |
| Samel Morse | American inventor who sent messages instantly along wires. |
| Morse code | A code of dots and dashes representing letters of the alphabet. |
| John Deere | Invented the steel-tipped plow in 1837. |
| Cyrus McCormick | Designed and constructed the mechanical reaper. |
| Trade Unions | Organizations of workers with the same trade or skill who organized for better working conditions. |
| strikes | Refusal to work in order to put pressure on employers for better wages, etc. |
| prejudice | An unfair opinion not based on facts. |
| discrimination | unfair treatmentof a group. |
| communities | Areas where people live in neighborhoods, villages, or cities. |
| Henry Boyd | African American who owned a furniture manufacturing company. |
| Samuel Cornish & John Russwurm | Founded "Freedom's Journal", the first African American newspaper. |
| Macon Allen | First African American licensed to practice law in the U.S. |
| licensed | Given official authority |
| Sarah G. Bagley | Weaver from Mass. founded Lowell Female Labor Reform Organization |
| famine | An extreme shortage of food. |
| nativists | People opposed to immigration because it threatned native born citizens. |
| Know-Nothing Party | Secret anti-Catholic political party calling for stricter citizenship laws. |
| Yeomen | Farmers who did not have enslaved workers-made up the largest group of whites in the South. |
| tenant farmes | Whites who rented land on landlord's estates. |
| overseer | plantation manager |
| legal | permitted by law |
| spiritual | African American religious folk song |
| slave codes | Laws that controlled enslaved people. |
| Nat Turner | Popular religious leader among enslaved people |
| brief | short |
| Harriet Tubman | African American leader born into slavery who fled to the North for freedom. |
| Frederick Douglass | African American leader who started an anti-slavery newspaper. |
| Underground Railroad | Network of "safe houses" owned by free blacks adn whites who oosed slavery |
| literacy | number of people albe to read and write. |
