| A | B |
|---|
| Feudalism | the new government of the Middle Ages |
| Vassal | when land was given to a warrior and the warrior swore an oath of loyalty to the ruler |
| Charlamagne | the King of a German tribe who ruled France and became the King of the Roman Empire, "Charles the Great" |
| Muslims, Magyars, and Vikings | invaders that attached Europe |
| Roman Catholic Church | wanted to bring the Roman Empire back together |
| Missionaries | people who travel and teach religion |
| Oath | a promise, you do not break it on your honor |
| Manor | large tracts of land |
| Serfs | the people who did the work on a manor |
| Tenant Farmer | paid rent to farm land |
| Artisans | craftsmen |
| Roman Empire fell | 476 AD |
| Medieval | Latin for Middle Ages |
| Pope | head of Roman Catholic Church |
| Gregory I | Pope that increased the power of the Roman Catholic Church |
| William Duke of Normandy | conquers England and makes himself king, known as "William the Conqueror" |
| Knights | soldiers for the vassal, swore to the "Code of Chivalry" |
| Coats of Arms | Knights and nobility had symbols and colors on shields and banners to show who they were |
| Holy Land | land of Palestine |
| Pope Urban II | called on Christains to rescue the Holy Land |
| Crusade | means War of the Cross or Holy War |
| Guilds | special clubs started by artisans |
| Apprentice | someone learning a trade |
| Trade Fairs | fairs held to increase sales |
| Parliament | government assembly |
| Bubonic Plague | a disease that came from fleas on rats |
| Pneumonic Plague | disease from the waste of infected people, caused death within a few days |
| Renaissance | means "rebirth" |
| Dark Ages | time period when art, education, and trade came to a standstill |
| German Tribes | divided up Roman Empire |
| Latin | language of the church |
| Monks | lived in Monasteries teaching their religion (another name is Friars) |
| Monasteries | place where Monks or Friars lived |
| Magna Charta | nobles forced king to sign this document that could not take away trial by jury and could not raise taxes without approval of the assembly |
| Plagues (2 kinds during Middles Ages) | Bubonic and Pneumonic |
| Results of the Plague | shortage of workers, wages went up, people start to question the church, political instability |
| Renaissance | about 1350 - many Greek and Roman ideas are reborn (growth in art, literature, education, and science) |
