| A | B |
|---|
| Pax Romana | period of peace in Rome which lasted 200 years |
| emperor | the absolute ruler of an empire |
| Augustus a.k.a "Octavian" | first Roman emperor; ruled during the Pax Romana |
| tariffs | taxes on goods |
| domus | the home of a wealthy Roman; had marble walls and many rooms |
| juris prudentes | special lawyers and legal writers who helped judges |
| gladiators | people who fought other people and animals in arenas |
| Circus Maximus | oval racetrack where chariot races were held |
| Flavian Ampitheatre | A.k.a. the Colosseum; place where Gladiatorial Games were held |
| inflation | period of increasing prices |
| Rule by Divine Right | policy that an emperor's right to power came from the gods |
| Diocletian | emperor who established Rule by Divine Right; divided empire into two parts |
| Alaric | Germanic chief who successfully invaded Rome |
| iron stirrups | used by German army to defeat the Romans |
| triumvirate | power-sharing situation between three leaders; each has equal power |
| dictator | absolute ruler |
| Tiberius Gracchus | the First Reformer |
| General Marius | created professional army; soldiers were more loyal to general than country |
| Lucius Sulla | first dictator of Rome |
| Five Good Emperors | Marcus Aurelius, Hadrian, Trajan, Antoninus Pius and Nerva; extended citizenship |
| freedmen | former enslaved people |
| census | population count |
| standardized | made the same |
| Commodus | cruel son of Marcus Aurelius; as emperor was killed by his own bodyguards |
| barter | to exchange goods without using money |
| Constantine I | moved capital of the empire to Constantinople, Turkey; caused the wealthy to move to country estates |
| villas | country estates |
