| A | B |
|---|
| Radical Republicans | a congressman who, after the Civil War, favored using the government to create a new order in the South and to give African Americans full citizenship and the right to vote |
| Reconstruction | the process the U.S. government used to readmit the Confederate states to the Union after the Civil War |
| Freedmen's Bureau | a federal agency set up to help former slaves after the Civil War |
| Jim Crow law | Any state law that separated blacks from whites |
| black codes | laws passed by Southern states that limited the freedom of former slaves |
| civil rights | rights granted to all citizens |
| Fourteenth Amendment | an ammendment to the U.S. Constitution, passed in 1868, that made all persons, born or naturalized in the United States- including former slaves-citizens of the country |
| carpetbagger | Northerner who went South looking for economic or political opportunity |
| sharecropping | a system in which landowners gave farm workers land, seed, and tools in return for a part of the crops they raised |
| Ku Klux Klan | a group formed in 1866 that wanted to restore Democratic control of the South and to keep former slaves powerless; the group called for a "racially and morally pure" America |
| Reconstruction Acts | Set of laws that placed the South in military districts under martial law |
| Fifteenth Amendment | passed in 1870, this ammendment to the U.S. Constitution stated that citizens could not be stopped from voting "on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude" |
| Plessy vs Ferguson | Supreme Court case in 1896 that legalized segregation of races |
| Compromise of 1877 | the agreement that resolved an 1876 election dispute; Rutherford B. Hayes became president and then removed the last federal troops from the South |
| Thirteenth Amendment | abolished slavery |
| Andrew Johnson | President through much of Reconstruction, impeached by Congress |
| Ten Percent Plan | Lincoln's plan to bring Southern states back into the Union |
| poll tax | Voting tax designed to keep blacks from voting |
| literacy test | reading/writing test designed to keep blacks from voting |
| grandfather clause | rule that allowed whites to vote w/o poll tax or literacy test |
