| A | B |
|---|
| apartheid | caused international sanctions in South Africa |
| Islam | major cultural and religious influence in North Africa |
| brain drain | the departure of professionals for western countries |
| raw materials | economic base of most African nations |
| Nelson Mandela | led a long struggle to end apartheid |
| Sahel | "shore of the desert" |
| regional cooperation | removing tariffs for neighboring countries |
| keep oil prices steady | major goal of OPEC |
| crude oil | petroleum that has not yet been processed |
| Muhammad | founder of Islam |
| mosque | place of worship for founders of Islam |
| theocracy | government by religious leaders |
| Kurds | stateless nation in Turkey, Iran, and Iraq |
| Mecca | holiest city of Islam |
| hajj | a pilgrimage to Mecca |
| zionism | a movement to create a Jewish homeland in Palestine |
| Palestinians and Kurds | stateless nations |
| East Pakistan | became Bangladesh as a result of a civil war |
| kashmir | territory India and Pakistan are fighting over |
| subsistence farming | growing just enough to feed one's family |
