| A | B |
|---|
| atom | smallest part of an element |
| proton | positively charged subatomic particle within the nucleus |
| neutron | neutrally charged subatomic particle within the nucleus |
| electron | negatively charged subatomic particle located outside the nucleus |
| element | the simplest form of matter; made up of only one type of atom |
| molecule | a chemical structure consisting of two or more atoms held together by a covalent bond |
| compound | a specific type of molecule |
| 2 types of chemical bonds | ionic and covalent |
| ionic bond | bond involving the loss or gain of one or more electrons |
| covalent bond | a bond involving atoms that share electrons |
| electrolytes | ions formed when ionic compounds dissolve in water; ions separate; solution conducts electrical current |
| pH | "potential of Hydrogen" |
| pH of more than 7 | basic or alkaline |
| pH of less than 7 | acidic |
| pH of blood | 7.35 - 7.45 |
| inorganic compounds in the body | water, oxygen, carbon dioxide and inorganic salts (minerals) |
| water (H20) | most abundant inorganic compound in the body |
| intracellular fluid | water inside the cell |
| extracellular fluid | water outside the cell |
| ATP (adenosine tri-phosphate" | "energy currency of the cell" |
| carbon dioxide (CO2) | a waste product of cellular respiration; exhaled by the lungs |
| organic compounds in the body | carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids |
| carbohydrates | sugars and starches; saccharides |
| monosaccharides | "building blocks of carbohydrates" |
| cellulose | a polysaccharide that humans cannot break down |
| lipids | fats and oils; triglycerides; steroids |
| "building blocks of triglycerides" | 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids |
| proteins | most abundant organic compound in the human body |
| amino acids | "building blocks of proteins" |
| 3 forms of nucleic acids | DNA, RNA and ATP |
| nucleotides | "building blocks of nucleic acids" |
| ATP cycle to release energy | ATP -> ADP + P + energy |
| ATP cycle to store energy | ADP + P + energy -> ATP |
| ion | an electrically charged particle |
| "Most important use of Oxygen" | to break down glucose to carbon dioxide, water and ATP |
| DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) | double stranded; contains hereditary (genetic) information |
