| A | B |
|---|
| Nothern Ireland | six northern counties of Ireland that remained part of Britain when Ireland achieved independence in 1922. |
| Good Friday Agreement | 1998 peace accord between Protestants and Catholics in Northern Ireland. |
| Chechnya | predominantly Muslim region of the former Soviet Union that is fighting for its independence from Russia. |
| Multiethnic | made up of several ethnic groups. |
| Ethnic Cleansing | killing people from other ethnic groups or forcibly removing them from their homes to create ethnically "pure" areas/ |
| Kosovo | Serbian province; site of conflict between Serbs and ethnic Albanians. |
| Slobodan Milosevic | president of Yugoslavia; began ethnic cleansing in Kosovo. |
| Apartheid | policy of strict racial separation of South Africa; abolished in 1989. |
| African National Congress | main organization that opposed apartheid and led the struggle fro majority rule in South Africa. |
| Sharpeville | black township in South Africa; site of 1960 massacre |
| Nelson Mandela | helped organize African National Congress; condemned to life in prison for conspiracy; imprisoned yet remained a symbol for struggle against apartheid; released and elected first president of democratic South Africa. |
| Desmond Tutu | Archbishop of Cape Town, South Africa; while bishop,. Won Nobel Peace Prize for his nonviolent opposing to apartheid. |
| FW de Klerk | South African president; abandoned apartheid, repealed pass laws, and lifted ban on ANC; freed Nelson Mandela and worked with him. |
| Hutus | ethnic majority in Rwanda. |
| Tutsis | ethnic minority that had dominated Rwanda prior to the civil war of the 1990s. |
| Darfur | western region of the Sudan; site of ethnic violence by Arab militias against non-Arab Muslim population. |
| Occupied Territories | regions seized by Israel in the Arab-Israeli wars; includes Golan Heights, East Jerusalem, the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, and Sinai Peninsula. |
| Yasir Arafat | head of Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) |
| Intifada | mass uprising mounted in 1987 by Palestinians in territory held by Israel. |
| Yitzak Rabin | Israeli prime minister; believed in a peaceful; coexistence between Palestinians and Israelis. |
| Jerusalem | Israeli capital city; sacred to Jews, Muslims, and Christians; control of Jerusalem is key issue in Israeli-Palestinian conflict. |
| Militia | band of citizen soldiers. |
| Saddam Hussein | Iraqi dictator; seized disputed borderland from Iran and created a stalemate with the United Sates for eight years; invaded Kuwait, initiating the first Persian Gulf War. |
| No-Fly Zone | area over which Iraqi aircraft were not permitted to fly after the Persian Gulf War. |
| Weapons of Mass Destruction | biological, nuclear, and chemical weapons. |
| Insurgent | rebel. |
