| A | B |
|---|
| Partition | divide. |
| Sikhs | members of an Indian religious minority. |
| Kashmir | state in the Himalayas with Muslin and Hindu populations; control of the state is contested by India and Pakistan. |
| Jawaharlal Nehru | India's first prime minister after the murder of Mohandas Gandhi; worked to build a modern, secular state dedicated to promoting social justice. |
| Dalits | lowest caste in Indian society; Indian outcasts. |
| Indira Gandhi | daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru; prime minister of India, 1966-1977 and 1980-1984; her position as prime minister represented an advancement for Indian women. |
| Punjab | state of northern India that is predominately Sikh. |
| Golden Temple | Sikh religion's holiest shrine; located in Punjab, India. |
| Bangladesh | originally East Pakistan; achieved independence in 1971. |
| Nonalignment | political; and diplomatic independence from both Cold War superpowers. |
| Autocratic | government with unlimited power. |
| Aung San Suu Kyi | leader of opposition party in Myanmar; placed under house arrest when military rejected election results won Nobel Peace Prize. |
| Sukamo | first president of Indonesia; overthrown by General Suharto. |
| Suharto | Indonesian army general who seized power from President Sukarno; ruled as dictator for thirty years; slaughtered communists and suspected communists. |
| East Timor | former Portuguese colony annexed b y Indonesia; granted independence from Indonesia in 2002. |
| Ferdinand Mardcos | elected president of Philippines but became a dictator; forced to leave by the "people power" revolution. |
| Benigno Aquino | Filipino presidential candidate murdered by Ferdinand Marcos. |
| Corazon Aquino | widow of Benigno Aquino; elected president of the Philippines in 1986. |
| Kibbutz | collective farms in Israel. |
| Secular | nonreligious. |
| Hejab | traditional form of dress worn by Muslim women. |
| Suez Canal | canal in Egypt that links the Mediterranean with the Red Sea. |
| Gamal Abdel Nasser | Egyptian ruler who emerged as influential Arab leader; set out to modernize Egypt and end Western domination; nationalized the Suez Canal; built Aswan High Dam. |
| Anwar Sadat | Egyptian political leader; took steps to open Egypt to foreign investment and private business; first Arab leader to make peace with Israel; assassinated by Muslim extremists |
| Mohammad Mosaddeq | Iranian nationalist overthrown by Shah Mohammad Riza Pahlavi in 1953. |
| Ruhollah Khomeini | ayatollah who accused shah of violating Islamic law; exiled for 15 years; returned to Iran and his supporters proclaimed an Islamic republic. |
| Theocracy | government run by religious leaders. |
