| A | B |
|---|
| texture | the look and feel of a rock's surfaces |
| grains | particles of minerals or other rocks that make up most rocks |
| igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic | 3 main rock classifications |
| igneous rocks | forms from cooling of magma or lava |
| extrusive rock | type of igneous rock that forms from lava that erupted outside of the earth's surface |
| small crystals | form when lava cools outside the earth and cools quickly |
| intrusive rock | igneous rock that forms from magma that cools beneath the earth's surface |
| large crystals | form when lava cools more slowly beneath the earth's surface |
| basalt | the most common extrusive rock |
| granite | the most common intrusive rock |
| sedimentary rock | type of rock that forms when particles of other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together |
| sediment | small, solid pieces of material that come from rocks or living things |
| erosion | destructive forces, such as heat, cold, running water, wind and ice, that loosen and carry away fragments of rock |
| deposition | the process by which sediment settles out of the water |
| compaction | the process that presses sediment together |
| cementation | the process in which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediment together |
| clastic, organic, chemical | 3 major groups of sedimentary rock |
| clastic rock | sedimentary rock that forms when rock fragments are squeezed together |
| organic rock | type of sedimentary rock that forms when the ramins of plants and animals are deposited in thick layers |
| chemical rock | sedimentary rock that forms when minterals that are dissolved in a solution crystallize |
| coral reef | a structure of calcite skeletons built up by coral animals in warm, shallow ocean water |
| metamorphic rock | type of rock that forms when exeisting rock is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions |
| foliated rock | metamorphic rock that has grains arranged in parallel layers of bands. |
| monfoliated rock | metamorphic rock that has grains arranged randomly |
| limestone or coal | a common organic rock |
| rock salt | a common chemical rock |
| silica | most of the earth's minteral contain this compound |
| oxygen and silicon | 2 elements that make up the compound silica |
| organic | substances that were part ofliving things or were made of living things |
