| A | B |
|---|
| urgency | must go immediately |
| hesitancy | difficulty initiating voiding |
| dysuria | pain or difficulty voiding |
| nocturia | need to void interrupts sleep |
| retention | unable to void/empty bladder |
| incontinence | inability to control voiding |
| enuresis | involuntary voiding during sleep |
| normal output | approx 1500cc/day |
| minimal accepted hrly output | 30ml/hr |
| anuria | <50ml/day |
| oliguria | <400ml/day |
| polyuria | excessive urine amount |
| normal color of urine | amber, clear, colorless |
| hematuria | blood in urine |
| pyuria | pus in urine |
| proteinuria | protein/albumin in urine |
| glycosuria | glucose in urine |
| KUB | xray of kidney,ureter,bladder |
| IVP | xray w/ radiopaque dye |
| renal US | looks for cysts, obstruction, size |
| renal biopsy | done under fluroscopy or US |
| renal angiogram | outlines aorta, renal arteries, kidneys |
| cystoscopy | visual exam of bladder w/scope |
| retrograde pyelogram | radiopaque dye done w/ cystoscopy |
| UA | looks at abnormalities in urine |
| normal ph of urine | 4.5-7.5 |
| spec gravity of urine | 1.003-1.030 |
| normal BUN level | 7-18 |
| BUN measures | nitrogenous waste in bld |
| increased BUN/creat level indicates | decreased renal function |
| serum creatinine level | 0.6-1.3 |
| creatinine clearance test | 24hr collection, v renal function |
