| A | B |
|---|
| Dark | The early period of the Middle Ages was formerly referred to by historians as the ______ Ages. |
| tallage | a tax paid to the lord of a manor |
| Franks | a tribe that lived in the area now known as France |
| Gregory | _________ the Great became pope in 590 A.D.. |
| Lombards | tribe which invaded Italy from the north and took control of the area between the Alps and the Apennines |
| Pastoral | Gregory wrote a book called ________ Care to teach men who worked in the church about their duties. |
| Augustine | missionary who was sent to England by Gregory |
| Mayor | The __________ of the Palace made all of the important decisions in the Frankish kingdoms. |
| Martel | Charles _________ defeated the Muslims who were invading Europe from Spain in 732 A.D.. |
| Donation | The gift of the area once occupied by the Lombards was called the ____________ of Pepin. |
| Papal | The territory that Pepin the Short gave to the pope as a gift became known as the ________ States. |
| Charlemagne | the king of the Franks who was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 800 A.D. by the pope |
| investiture | The appointment of bishops and cardinals in the church by the emperor was known as lay __________ . |
| Carolingian | The ____________ Empire was named for Charlemagne. |
| shiek | the head of an Arab tribe |
| Allah | Islamic god |
| Islam | religion started by Mohammed |
| Ramadan | the month of fasting for Muslims |
| Hegira | Mohammed's flight to Medina in 622 A.D. |
| Tours | Charles Martel, ruler of the Franks, stopped the Muslims from invading Europe at the Battle of _____ in 732 A.D.. |
| minarets | tall, slender towers that rise from the corners of Muslim mosques |
| arabesques | designs of interwoven lines and geometrical patterns |
| fief | a nobleman's territory in the middle ages |
| Koran | book of Muslim beliefs |
| fealty | loyalty |
| knight | The number of men that each noble was required to supply to fight for the king was called _______ service. |
| muezzins | Muslim town criers who reminded people when it was time to pray |
| tenants | Nobles were called ______-in-chief. They gave sections of their land to knights to hold and protect for them. |
| liege | A noble was a knight's ________ lord. |
| aids | money paid to a liege lord by his men |
| serfs | peasants who were not allowed to leave the land that they worked on |
| donjon | a stone tower that served as a fortress before huge castles were built |
