| A | B |
|---|
| Pampas | Lowland area, grassy plain that stretches from Argentina into Uruguay. It is known for good farming and cattle ranchers. |
| Regionalism | Strong local traditions that divide people within a country region, usually develops through physical barriers and limited contact with other people |
| Amazon River | Longest river in Latin America |
| Andes Mountains | Largest mountain range in Latin America |
| Tierra Caliente | "Hot land" located close to sea level in the Yucatan Peninsula and Amazon Basin- bananas and sugarcane grow well here |
| Tierra Templada | "Temperate land" where days are hot, but nights are cool located on plataeus or valleys- coffee and tobacco grow well here |
| Tierra Fria | "Cold land" high elevation- grow wheat, barley, and potatoes |
| Viceroy | An official who rules in place of a king |
| Mercantilism | Country's economic strength depended on increasing its gold supply by exporting more goods than it imported |
| Hacienda | Large plantations, had the best farmland |
| The Columbian Exchange | People, goods, ideas being sent back and forth between the Eastern and Western Hemisphere (named after Christopher Columbus) |
| Christopher Columbus | First European to discover land in Latin America, more specifically the Caribbean (although he thought he was in India) |
| Vasco Nunez de Balboa | Led expeditions across mountains and jungles of Panama |
| Ferdinand Magellan | First to sail around Cape Horn and connect the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean on a journey |
| Pedro Cabral | Claimed Brazil for Portugal |
| Peninsulares | Officials sent from Spain o rule the colonies, highest class. Included viceroys, government and church officials |
| Creoles | Latin American-born decendants of Spanish settlers- supposed to be treated the same as peninsulares, but resented them because they were not appointed to top jobs |
| Mestizos | Mixed Indian and European race- usually performed the work of artisans, shop owners, farmers, overseers of the mines and plantations |
| Free blacks | Former slaves who had bought their freedom |
| Peons | Indians and mestizos forced to work for someone else so they could pay off their debt |
| Toussaint L'Overture | Helped lead Haiti to independence- one of the first independence fighters in Latin America |
| Simon Bolivar | Known as "the Liberator" he helped free parts of northern South America with the help of Haiti |
| Father Hidalgo | Begin the Mexican independence revolt, eventually he was caught and killed by firing squad |
| Fidel Castro | Cuban revolutionary leader, eventually became Cuban dictator |
| Daniel Ortega | Revoultionary leader of Nicaragua, eventually became their dictator |
| Sandinistas | Political/revolutionary group that took control of Nicaragua, introduced land reform, took over many businesses, organized social programs |
| Economic Nationalism | Replace foreign imports with locally made goods so they wouldn't be dependent on industrial nations |
| Coup d'etat | A revolt by military leaders against a nation's government |
| Embargo | Complete halt on trade |
| El Norte | "The North" or the United States |
| Liberation Theology | The church taking an active role in helping to end poverty |
| Machismo | Male dominated society |
