| A | B |
|---|
| central powers | Germany Austria-Hungry Ottoman Empire |
| Allies in WWI | Great Britain France Italy Japan Russia US |
| Armistice Day | end of WWI |
| Fourteen Points | Wilson's plan for peace after WWI |
| selfdetermination | people determine their own fate by voting |
| Treaty of Versailles | peace treaty signed in France that ended WWI |
| League of Nations | organization of work nations to settle disputes and keep peace |
| isolationism | avoids alliances, either political or economic |
| Woodrow Wilson | president of the US during WWI; wrote the Fourteen Points, a peace plan to end WWI |
| Oliver Wendall Holmes Jr | justice of the Supreme Court; presented "clear and present" danger opinion |
| normalcy | a desire to return to former, seemingly carefree days |
| temperance | self-controlled; moderation |
| prohibition | complete abstinence; enforced by others through law or force |
| rumrunners | persons who would deliver illegal alcohol from one place to another |
| speakeasies | illegal drinking places |
| suffrage | the right to vote |
| nineteenth amendment | grants women the right to vote |
| Susan B Anthony | devoted her entire life to securing the right to vote for women |
| Alice Paul | a militant suffragist who organized demonstrations and protest rallies |
| Carrie Chapman Catt | suffragist who was instrumental in campaigning for the ratification of the 19th Amendment in Tennessee |
| immigrant | a person who comes to another country to live |
| xenophobia | a fear and hatred of strangers and foreigners |
| communism | an economic system in which property and goods belong to the government |
| red scare | anticommunist sentiment that swept the US in the early 1920's |
| anarchy | a belief that there should be no government |
| Alien Law | a law prohibiting certain people from becoming residents other US |
| Sedition Law | a law making it a crime to speak against the government |
| Sacco and Vanzetti | Italian immigrants who were anarchists, accused and convicted of murdering a paymaster and his guard |
| Teapot Dome Scandal | interior secretary under Harding secretly sold right to government oil lands in Wyoming for personal profit |
| Monkey Trial | John Scopes was convicted and the law prohibition the teach of evolution in public schools stood until 1987 |
| flapper | women in the 1920's who bobbed their hair, wore short skirts, and defied the morals and restrictions of the earlier generations |
| Jim Crow | discrimination against African Americans |
| Spirit of St Louis | single engine plane in which Lindberg made the first transatlantic flight |
| Warren Harding | President from 1921-1923; supported a return to normalcy |
| Calvin Coolidge | President from 1923-1929; supported business and tax laws favorable to businesses |
| Great Depression | massive unemployment and economic despair when the banks filed, savings were wiped out, and the stock market crashed |
| Black Thursday | the day the stock market crushed; October 24, 1929 |
| Hoovervilles | communities of unemployed homeless people who lived in shanty towns |
| Dust Bowl | the Great Plains underwent severe drought in which farmland was turned into dust |
| rural | country and farm life |
| urban | large city life |
| Bonus Army | WWI veterans who marched to Washington, DC in an attempt to collect their service bonus early |
| New Deal | Roosevelt's program for rebuilding the American economy during the Great Depression |
| Progressive Party | political party that believed in change and social improvement by government action |
| Franklin D Roosevelt | overcame polio to become President; his New Deal attempted to solve the economic problems of the Great Depression; he was a symbol of hope, courage, and optimism |
| Eleanor Roosevelt | a shy, unhappy child who grew into a dynamic, caring, active first lady; she was her husband's link to the people |
| Brain Trust | group of advisors that Roosevelt assembled that included professors, lawyers, and social workers |
| democracy | system of government in which the supreme power I held by the people |
| totalitarianism | system of government in which the government in more important that the people |
| dictatorship | system of government in which absolute power is held by one person |
| Axis in WWII | Germany, Italy, and Japan |
| nationalism | devotion to one's nation above all else |
| pacifist | a person who is opposed to war or violence |
| Hitler | dictator of Nazi Germany |
| Mussolini | dictator of Fascist Italy |
| Tojo | military dictator of Japan |
| Franco | dictator of Spain |
| Stalin | dictator of Communist Russia |
| nonconformism | refusal to conform or agree with an accepted religion or practice |
| racism | prejudice; belief that race determines human behavior and capabilities |
| antiSemitism | hostility or discrimination against Jews |
| Aryan | to the Nazis, the supposed superior or master race of non-Jewish Caucasians |
| Holocaust | mass slaughter of European civilians, especially Jews, by Nazis during WWII |
| blitzkrieg | "lightning war"; Nazi Germany's ability to quickly overrun it enemies with massive weaponry and soldiers |
| fireside chats | FDR's radio speeches to the American people |
| infamy | loss of reputation; total disgrace |
| Pearl Harbor | navy base in Hawaii that was badly damaged during the Japanese surprise attack on Dec. 7, 1941 |
| internment camps | camps where people are imprisoned or interned |
| Nisei | people of Japanese descent who are born in America |
| habeas corpus | law which demands that anyone held in custody be brought before a court for trial |
| Allies | US, Great Britain, Russia |
| Rosie the Riveter | symbol used for the American women who went to work in factories during WWII |
| Navajo codetalkers | a select team of Native Americans who created and used an unbreakable code |
| Tuskegee Airmen | black fighter pilots who distinguished themselves in the aerial war |
| 442nd Regimental Combat Group | battalion of Japanese Americans; the most decorated in WWII |
| Operation Torch | joint landing by American and British forces in North Africa to regain control of the Mediterranean Sea and to relieve Nazi pressure on the Russian front |
| Operation Overlord | code name for the Allied invasion of France, the largest amphibian invasion in history |
| D Day | code name give to the June 6, 1944, invasion of Normandy, France by the Allies |
| Omaha Beach | American landing site in France on D-Day; an extremely difficult battle to take the beat |
| Utah Beach | the second American landing site in France on D-Day |
| Battle of the Bulge | a strong German offensive fight in Bulgaria that caused a bulge in the Allie's defensive line; last big battle of the war in the Western theater |
| VE Day | May 8, 1945; victory in Europe Day when the Germans surrendered |
| Harry S Truman | President of the US after Roosevelt's death; approved the use of the atomic bomb against Japan |
| Winston Churchill | prime minister of Great Britain during WWII |
| General Dwight D Eisenhower | led the Allied invasion of North African and planned and executed the D0Day invasion at Normandy and the Battle of the Bulge |
| Guadalcanal | the battle for this island was a turning point in the Pacific theatre |
| Iwo Jima | battle site island in the Pacific where one of the most famous photographs of the war - the marines raising the flag - was taken |
| VJ Day | August 15, 1945 - the Victory in Japan Day when the Japanese surrendered |
| General Douglas MacArthur | commander of the US forces in the Philippine Islands who directed the Allied occupation of Japan |
| Admiral Chester Nimitz | lead the US naval forces to victory in the battle of Coral Sea and Midway |
| Anne Frank | teenage victim of the Holocaust who left a diary of her experiences hiding from the Nazis |
| retribution | punishment; revenge |
| Hiroshima and Nagasaki | Japanese cities targeted by atomic bombs |
| Enola Gay | American plane that dropped the first atomic bomb |
| militarism | build up of one's army |
| imperialism | national policy or practice to take over other countries |
