| A | B |
|---|
| boreal forest | spuce fir forestof the highest altitude |
| snags | dead or partially dead standing trees |
| cavity trees | live trees with at least one nesting site |
| succession | the gradual and fairly predictable change of species that occupy a site over time |
| biotic change | succession |
| primary succession | an ecological succession that begins in a area without life |
| pioneer species | in primary succession, the lichens and moss that first colonize the site |
| climax community | a relativly stable, long lasting community reached in ecological succession usually determined by climate and soil type |
| mature community | climax community |
| secondary succession | a ecological succession in wich the existin gcommunity has been disrupted |
| ecotone | an area where 2 ecosystems in different stages meet |
| edge effect | greater variety of wildlife and greater population density |
