| A | B |
|---|
| Civilizations | Complex societies |
| Historians | People who study and write about the past |
| Archaeologists | Scientist who learns about past human life by studying fossils and artifacts |
| Artifacts | Weapons, tools, and other things made by humans |
| Anthropologist | Scientist who studies the physical characteristics and cultures of humans and their ancestors |
| Fossils | Traces of plants or animals that have been preserved in rock |
| Nomads | people who regularly move from place to place |
| Technology | Tools and methods to help humans perform tasks |
| Domesticate | To tame animals or plants for human use |
| Specialization | The devlopment of different kinds of jobs |
| Jericho | One of the earliest known human settlements located on the West Bank between Israel and Jordan |
| Catal Huyuk | A well-known Neolithic settlement in present-day Turkey |
| Irrigation | Method of bringing water to a field from another place to water crops |
| Mesopotamia | Area located in southern Iraq, its' Greek for "the land between the rivers" |
| Artisans | Skilled workers who made metal products, cloth, or pottery |
| City-state | Independent state made up of a city and the surronding land and villages |
| Cunniform | Sumerian system of writing made up of wedge-shaped markings |
| Empire | A group of many different lands under one ruler |
| Provinces | Political districts |
| Caravans | Groups of traveling merchants |
| Astronomers | People who study heavenly bodies |
