| A | B |
|---|
| esturaries form: | where freshwater meets and mixes with saltwater |
| salt wedge | esturaies: fresh, less dense water on top of saltier, more dense water beneath |
| most productive ecosystems on earth | estuaries ("nurseries of the oceans") |
| salt marshes | intertidal zone where land meets the sea |
| mangrove swamp (mangrove forest) | the red mangrove tree, adapted to live in salt water, has exposed roots to obtain oxygen |
| lenticels | tiny openings in the mangrove tree for taking in oxygen |
| mangrove trees are known for: | creating land |
| rookery | nesting site for birds or mammals |
| guano | excrement especially of seabirds or bats |
| pelagic zone | open ocean (as if a veiw from the top) |
| euphotic zone | from the ocean surface to the depth that light is able to penetrate in the ocean |
| bathyl zone | from the edge of the continental shelf to the abyssal zone; generally described as lying between 200 and 2,000 m (660 and 6,600 feet) below the surface |
| abyssal zone | very dark, extreme depths of ocean |
| aquaculture | fish farming |
| "tragedy of commons" | everyone - every country - feels that it can use the ocean (w/o taking care of it) |
| Federal Water Pollution Control Act (passed 1972) | renamed: Clean Water Act (amended 1977); renamed the Water Quality Act of 1987 |
| year laws made to control nonpoint source pollution & estab. federal wetlands protection | 1972 |
| law to set standards to control seven outdoor pollutants | Clean Air Act of 1970, 1977, and 1990 |
| sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides | cause acid precipitation |
| heavy metal pollutants | lead, arsenic, mercury and cadmium |
| radioactive material pollutants | uranium, cesium, radon, iodine, and thorium |
| organic chemical pollutants | pesticides, oil, plastics, gasoline, and detergents |
| inorganic chemical pollutants | acids, salts, and caustics |
| plant nutrient pollutants | nitrates, ammonium, and phosphates |
| oxygen-demanding waste pollutants | plant residues and animal manure |
