| A | B |
|---|
| John Winthrop | One of the founders of the Massachusetts colony. |
| John Smith | Jamestown's strongest leader. |
| heretics | A people whose religious beliefs differ from those of the majority. |
| presidios | Spanish forts established throughour New Mexico to protect settlers and serve as trading posts. |
| Tidewater | A region near the coast where most wealthy Southern planters lived. |
| El Camino Real | Ros which linked the California missions together. |
| Anne Hutchinson | Was banished from Boston because he/she claimed that God spoke directly to him/her. |
| Stono Revolt | Enslaved Africans who wanted to flee to freedom in Florida. |
| haciendas | Huge ranches covering thousands of acres in the Spanish colonies. |
| Rene-Robert Cavelier de La Salle | The first European to follow the Mississippi River all the way to the Gulf of Mexico. |
| Middle Passage | Journey of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean. |
| enterpreneurs | Businesspeople who risked their money hoping to make a profit. |
| kivas | Circular ceremonial rooms of the Anasazi in the American southwest. |
| Samuel de Champlain | French explorer of the St. Lawrence River and founder of Quebec. |
| bills of exchange | Used as a kind of money in trade. |
| gentry | Planters who had economic and political influence. |
| Pilgrims | Separatists who lived in Holland before immigrating to North America. |
| Protestant Reformation | Disruped the unity of Christianity in Western Europe. |
| lateen | Triangular sails which allowed ships to sail against the direction of the wind. |
| peninsulares | Class that occupied the top of the class hirearchy in thhe Spanish colonies. |
| tobacco | Crop which finally enabled Jamestown to earn a profit. |
| mercantilism | Economic theory based on a nation accumumating gold and silver. |
| indigo | Crop which produced a blue dye. |
| burgesses | Representatives to the colonial asembly in Virginia. |
| Maryland | Colony established for English Catholics. |
| Separatists | Puritans who broke away from the Anglican Church to form their own congregations. |
| coureurs de bois | Fur traders in Canada. |
| conquistadors | Men who led the Spanish expeditions to explore and colonize New Spain. |
| joint-stock companies | Pooled money from many investors. |
| headrights | System that granted land in Virginia to encourage new settlers. |
| William Penn | Wealthy Quaker who founded Pennsylvania. |
| General James Oglethorpe | Wealthy member of Parliament who founded Georgia. |
| pacificism | Opposition to war or violence as a means to settle disputes. |
| Toleration Act | This granted freedom of religion to all Christians in Maryland. |
| freemen | People who owned stock in the Masachusetts Bay Company. |
| Squanto | Native American man who taught the Pilgrims about their new environment. |
| Powhatan Confederacy | Local Native Americans with which Jamestown at first traded for food. |
| Roger Williams | Separatist who founded Providence, Rhode Island. |
| Council of the Indes | Created by the Spanish king to govern the empire in America. |
| Northwest Passage | The northern route through North America to the Pacific Ocean. |
