| A | B |
|---|
| accessory organs of the digestive system | teeth, salivary glands, pancreas, liver and gallbladder |
| teeth | generally 32 permanent in adults, begin mechanical digestion |
| salivary glands | secrete enzymes to start digestion of carbohydrates |
| pancreas | secretes enzymes to digest carbohydrates, proteins and fats; also secrete bicarbonate ions to neutralize HCl acid from stomach |
| liver | produces bile which emulsifies (separates) fat |
| gallbladder | stores and concentrates bile |
| acetylcholine | a neurotransmitter; chemical that crosses the synapse and stimulates the next neuron or muscle |
| skeletal muscle | cylindrical fibesr, striated, under voluntary control, attached to bones; functions - movement, posture, heat production |
| anatomy | the study of the structure of body parts to include size, shape, composition and the relationship among structures; what it looks like, how big it is, how it is organized, where it is located |
| arteries | vessels that carry blood away from the heart |
| veins | vessels that carry blood to the heart |
| ATP - adenosine tri-phosphate | the energy currency of the cells |
| parts of the axial skeleton | head, neck and trunk; all visceral organs and body cavities are here |
| parts of the appendicular skeleton | arms and legs |
| nucleotides | building blocks of nucleic acids |
| monosaccharides | building blocks of polysaccharides (carbohydrates) |
| amino acids | building blocks of proteins |
| 1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids | building blocks of triglycerides (lipids) |
| 2 cavities of the dorsal body cavity | cranial cavity (bones of the skull; brain) and vertebral cavity (spinal cord) |
| cell body of neuron | contains the nucleus, cytoplasm & organelles |
| cellular respiration | occurs in the mitochondria; process of glucose breaking down in the presence of oxygen forming carbon dioxide |
| central nervous system CNS | the brain and spinal cord |
| peripheral nervous system PNS | cranial and spinal nerves that branch out into the body in the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system |
| cervix | the lower 1/3 of the uterus |
| pharynx (throat) | common passageway for food and air |
| components of blood | formed elements (RBCs, WBCs, platelets) and plasma |
| components of plasma | 92% water, plasma proteins, nutrients, antibodies, wastes, minerals, hormones and gases |
| homeostasis | the body's ability to maintain body temperature, composition of body fluids, heart rate, respiration rate, blood pressure, fluid balance, electrolyte balance and glucose levels |
| dermis | inner, thicker portion of the skin; connective tissue, interlaced with blood vessels, glands, hair follicles, smooth muscle and nerves |
| endocytosis | the movement of large particles into the cell; membrane surrounds the large particle or substance, encloses it, and brings it into the cell (pinocytosis and phagocytosis) |
| exocytosis | the export of substances from the cell; substances in a vesicle within the cell fuse with the plasma membrane and the substances are released to the outside of the cell |
| epiglottis | a cartilaginous flap that closes over the larynx when you swallow |
| connective tissues | loose, dense, adipose, cartilage, bone and blood |
| directional terms: superior and inferior | above (higher) and below (lower) |
| directional terms: anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) | toward the front and toward the back |
| directional terms: medial and lateral | toward the midline and away from the midline |
| directional terms: superficial and deep | toward the surface and within; interior to |
| directional terms: proximal and distal | closer to the trunk and farther from the trunk |
| inorganic compounds | water, oxygen, carbon dioxide and inorganic salts (minerals) |
| blood and plasma | fluid inside blood vessels |
| lymph | fluid inside of lymph capillaries; excess tissue fluid |
| 4 types of tissues | epithelial (lines and covers), connective (structural framework, transports fluids, stores energy and minerals), muscle (skeletal, cardiac and smooth), and nervous (neurons and neuroglial cells) |
| functions of bones | support, protection, blood cell production, energy storage, mineral storage |
| cerebellum | function in posture, balance and skeletal muscle coordination (2nd largest part of the brain) |
| cerebrum | largest part of the brain; functions in "higher" brain functions, sensations, voluntary movements, reasoning, planning, problem solving |
| estrogen | female sex hormone; functions to maintain secondary sex characteristics such as growth of breasts, genitals, axillary and pubic hair, adipose tissue in subcutaneous layer, higher pitched voice, curves, wider hips, narrower shoulders |
| gallbladder | functions to store and concentrate bile |
| epidermis | outer, thinner portion of skin; epithelial tissue; cells produce keratin, undergo cell division, contains no blood vessels, contains melanocytes |
