| A | B |
|---|
| succession | biotic change |
| primary succession | no developed soil (ex: volcanic island) |
| secondary succession | occurs on areas that have once been covered with vegetation, but have been disturbed (ex: cleared forest) |
| pioneer species | first species that begin to grow in an abandoned, bare area |
| ex. pioneer species | lichens and mosses |
| climax community | the final community that develops; diverse; does not undergo further change |
| ex. climax community | oak-hickory forest |
| fire-dependent ecosystems | longleaf and pond pines |
| prescribed burns | the controlled us of fire to clear litter or undergrowth from a forest or to maintain an ecosystem, such as a longleaf pine forest or pocosin |
| wildlife | all undomesticated plants, animals and other living organisms |
| producers | plants, algae, cyanobacteria |
| algae | classified as protists, or one-celled organisms with a nucleus |
| cyanobacteria | blue-green algae |
| fungi and bacteria | decomposers (return mineral nutrients to the soil) |
| invertebrates | animals that have no skeleton or that have an exoskeleton |
| vertebrates | animals that have a backbone |
| 5 different types of vertebrates: | fish; amphibians; reptiles; birds; mammals |
| insects | most numerous animals on earth (85% of animal population) |
| metamorphosis | a change in form from one developmental stage to another, as from larva to adult |
| complete metamorphosis | 4 stages: egg->larva->pupa-.adult |
| incomplete metatmorphosis | 3 stages: egg->larva->adult |
| NC's state insect | honeybee |
| IPM | integrated pest management |
| insect pests | harmful to humans, crops, homes, animals, or products |
| keystone species | a species that is crucial to the nature of a community or ecosystem |
| ex. of keystone species | alligator and beaver |
| indicator species | a species that indicates particular conditions; for example, a large population of fly larvae in polluted water |
| game species | animals that may be hunted or trapped according to wildlife regulations |
| no-game species | animals that are not hunted |
