| A | B |
|---|
| function of lymph nodes | filter; clean lymph by containing WBCs that kill pathogens |
| function of spleen | filters blood as it passes through; WBCs kill pathogenic organisms |
| function of neurons | carry out the functions of the nervous system; sensory neurons, interneurons, motor neurons; carry impulses, analyze, gather and organize information, send instructions |
| function of urinary bladder | to store urine |
| function of scrotum | to hold testes outside of body cavity |
| functions of lymphatic system | remove excess fluid from interstitial areas and return to the blood; with the help of WBCs protect body from pathogens |
| functions of melancytes | produce pigment melanin which gives skin color and absorbs UV light protecting underlying cells from radiant damage |
| functions of nervous system | monitoring internal and external stimuli (sensory neurons), interpreting stimuli (interneurons), responding to stimuli by muscles or glands (motor neurons) |
| function of epididymis | store sperm while they mature |
| parts of vulva | mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, and vestibule |
| functions of skin | sense hot, cold, pressure and touch; protect from physical abrasion, bacterial invasion, dehydration and UV light; excrete salts in sweat; regulate body temp. |
| general senses | pain, temperature, touch, pressure, vibration and proprioception (position); located all over the body |
| hormone that stimulates ovulation | LH - luteinizing hormone secreted by the anteriorr pituitary gland |
| hormones secreted by corpus luteum | estrogen and progesterone |
| endocrine glands | produce and release hormones into the blood; no tubes or ducts; secrete hormones into the interstitial spaces between cells, diffuse into capillaries |
| exocrine glands | secrete substances through ducts or tubes to the outside of the body or into and opening on the inside of the body |
| largest lymphatic organ | spleen |
| levels of organization | chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism |
| chemical level | atoms and molecules |
| cell | basic structural and functional unit of the body |
| tissue | a group of cells that work together to perfrom a particular function |
| organ | two or more tissues that work together to perforn a specific function |
| organ system | different organs arranged in a functional group coordinated to perform a specific function; there are 11 in the human body |
| organism | the highest level of organization; human body |
| larynx | the location of the vocal cords |
| dura mater | outer meninges layer of tough, fibrous connective tissue |
| arachnoid mater | middle web-like meninges layer that attaches to the pia mater; |
| pia mater | inner, delicate meninges layer that extends into all folds; contains blood vessels to nourish the brain and spinal cord |
| muscle fibers | muscles cells that are bundles of myofibrils (tubular structures that extend the length of the muscle) |
| organs of cardiovascular system | heart, blood vessels, (lungs) |
| parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system | "rest and digest" or "feed and breed" division; normal body functions and activities; body restores itself and conserves energy; HR, RR and BP normal levels |
| sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system | "fight or flight" division; emergency "E" system - exercise, excitement, emergency, embarrassment; prepares by for emergency by increasing HR, RR and BP; decreases urinary, digestive and reproductive |
| parts of an atom | protons (positive charge), neutrons (neutral charge), electrons (negative charge) |
| parts of the diencephalon | thalamus and hypothalamus (secretes hormones to pitutitary gland and is the CONNECTION between the nervous system and endocrine system) |
| parts of the small intestine | duodenum, jejunum and ileum (ilium) |
| parts of the large intestine | cecum, colon, rectum, and anus |
| parts of the renal corpuscle | glomerulus (ball of capillaries) and glomerular capsule (Bowman's capsule) which surrounds the glomerulus, collects glomerular filtrate (filtered plasma) |
| parts of the renal tubule | proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), loop of Henle (nephron loop), and distal convoluted tubule (DCT) |
| pathway of blood from lungs to body | pulmonary veins - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta |
| pathway of a nerve message | receptor - sensory neuron - interneuron - motor neuron - effector |
| segmentation | mixing and churning food in a small area |
| peristalsis | propelling of food through the GI tract |
| pH of blood | 7.35 - 7.45 |
| neutral pH | 7 |
| physiology | the study of the function of body parts; what they do and how they do it |
| primary composition of lungs | made up of alveoli which give them a spongy texture |
| function of cardiovascular system | circulate blood vital in the distribution of oxygen and nutrients to cells |
| functions of digestive system | intake food for the nourishment of the body and rid body of undigested foods |
| functions of muscular system | provide movement, posture and heat production |
| function of reproductive system | produce offspring for the continuation of the species |
| functions of respiratory system | provide oxygen to the cells and remove carbon dioxide from cells |
| functions of skeletal system | provide support and framework for the body, store energy and minerals, produce blood cells |
| functions of urinary system | maintain volume and composition of substances in blood plasma and body fluids |
| primary sex organ (males) | testes or testicles |
| primary sex organ (females) | ovaries |
| pulmonary circuit | pulmonary arteries - lungs - pulmonary veins - left atrium |
| coronary circuit | arteries - arterioles - capillaries - venules - cardiac veins - coronary sinus - right atrium |
| systemic circuit | arteries - arterioles - capillaries - venules - veins - superior and inferior vena cava - right atrium |
| blood cell production occurs here | red bone marrow |
| somatic nervous system | concerned with voluntary actions of skeletal muscles due to consciously perceived sensations that relate to the external environment; monitors the outside world and our position within it |
| special senses | sight - vision, hearing - auditory, balance - equilibrium, taste - gustatory, smell - olfactory |
| synapse | space, cleft or gap - specialized site where neuron communicates with another cell, or effector |
| sensory neurons | detect changes in the body or external environment and transmit information to spinal cord and brain |
| interneurons | gather, analyze and organize information; decide how to respond; between the sensory and motor pathways |
| motor neurons | send signals from the CNS to muscles and glands (to organs that carry out responses - effectors) |
| neuroglial cells | Schwann cells in the PNS that form myelin around axons; astrocytes (prevent harmful chemicals passing from blood to neuron) and oligodendrocytes (form myelin sheaths) in CNS |
