| A | B |
|---|
| spongy bone | porous bone at the end of the long bone |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid that contains genetic information |
| cortisol and aldosterone | two hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex |
| cortisol | hormone that keeps blood glucose levels normal between meals |
| aldosterone | hormone that increase blood Na and water by reabsorption in kidneys |
| norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline) | two hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla |
| homeostasis | all body systems work together to maintain this |
| hormones | What substances are secreted by endocrine glands? |
| OT (oxytocin) and ADH (antidiuretic) | two hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary gland |
| insulin and glucagon | two hormones secreted by the pancreas |
| OT (oxytocin) | hormone that stimulates smooth muscle in the uterus to contract during labor/child birth |
| ADH (antidiuretic) | hormone that cause the kidneys to reabsorb water which increase blood volume and decrease urine volume |
| insulin | hormone that decrease blood glucose levels |
| glucagon | hormone that increases blood glucose levels |
| thymosin | hormone secreted by the thymus gland to increase WBC production |
| T3, T4 and calcitonin | three hormones secreted by the thyroid gland |
| T3 (triodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine) | hormones that increase metabolic rate |
| calcitonin | decreases blood calcium by stimulating bone building by osteoblasts in bones |
| fallopian or uterine tubes | site of fertilization in females |
| pathway of food through the GI tract | mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestines |
| metabolism | complex process by which food is used by a living organism; all the physical and chemical reactions occuring in the body |
| right and left subclavian veins | Where is lymph dumped into the circulatory system? |
| They are stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles cells and used for energy | What happens to excess glucose molecules? |
| LH (luteinizing hormone) | one of the hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland; causes the release of the egg from the overy and stimulates the secretion of estrogen and progesterone (females) and testosterone (males) |
| PTH (parathyroid hormone) | secreted by the parathyroid glands; increases blood calcium by stimulating osteoclasts in the bone |
| Blood type A | has A antigens on its RBCs and anti-B antibodies in the plasma; can only receive type A or O blood |
| Blood type B | has B antigens on RBCs and anti-A antibodies in the plasma; can only receive type B or O |
| Blood type AB | has A & B antigens on its RBCs and no antibodies in the plasma; can receive all types |
| Blood type O | has no antigens on its RBCs and both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the plasma; can recieve only type O |
| natural active - acquired immunity | occurs due to illness; long-term; immune system responds to a pathogen and memory cells are produced |
| natural passive - acquired immunity | temporary immunity is passed from the mother to the infant through the placenta or breast milk |
| artificial active - acquired immunity | injection with a harmless pathogen/vaccine; long-term; pathogen caused the production of memory cells |
| artificial passive - acquired immunity | injections of antibodies to give immediate but temporary protections; horse serum; antivenom |
| layers in the wall of the alimentary canal | lumen (hollow space), serosa (outer layer of connective tissue); muscularis (2 layers of smooth muscle); submucosa (below muscularis - connective tissue with many blood vessels and nerves); and mucosa (inner lining of the lumen - epithelial tissue) |
| tidal volume | amount of air that goes in and out of the lungs during normal breathing |
| inspiratory reserve volume | amount of air that can be forcibly inspired over and above normal inspiration |
| expriratory reserve volume | amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled over and above normal expiration |
| sagittal plane | divides the body or an organ into right and left portions |
| frontal (coronal) plane | divides the body or an organ into front (anterior) and back (posterior) portions |
| transverse (horizontal) plane | divides the body or an organ into superior (top) and inferior (bottom) portions |
