| A | B |
|---|
| nobles | Highest social class made up of kings, priest and other important people |
| cuneiform | System of writing using wedge-shaped symbols |
| conquer | to take over the land of others |
| colony | a settlement separated from, but under the control of, a home country |
| surplus | extra supply of food |
| barter | exchange of one good or service for another |
| ziggurat | huge mud-brick temple |
| monotheism | belief in one supreme being |
| empire | conquered land of many people and places governed by one ruler |
| scribe | a person who knew how to write |
| technology | the use of tools and skills to make a product or acheive a goal |
| monarchy | government in which one person has the complete right to rule |
| Torah | first five books of the Bible |
| taxation | system in which, to support the government, people are required to pay taxes in crops or other goods |
| innovation | new ways of doing things |
| authority | complete right to rule |
| Code of Hammurabi | 282 laws that dealt with almost every aspect of life, family, trade, and work |
| Ten Commandments | God gave Moses this set of laws for responsible behavior |
| merchants | people who buy and sell goods for living |
| emperor | ruler of an empire |
| social class | society is divided into groups with different levels of importance |
| covenant | agreement or promise |
| equal justice | fair treatment under the law |
| cultural diffusion | spreading of new ideas to other places |
| Judaism | religion of the Jewish people |
| money economy | an economic system based on the use of money instead of barter |
| civilization | complex society and culture with well-developed form of government, religion, writing and learning |
