| A | B |
|---|
| Oases | Green areas fed by underground water |
| Sheikh | Head of an Arabic tribe |
| Bedouins | Arabs who went from oasis to oasis to water and graze their camels, goats, and sheep |
| Caravan | Group of traveling merchants and animals |
| Makkah | Was a crossroad for merchants and was also and important religious site for Arabs. The holiest place in Arabia was in this city |
| Kaaba | Low square building surrounded by statues of gods and goddesses in the middle of Makkah |
| Madinah | Means "city of the prophet" |
| Quran | Holy book of Islam |
| Caliph | Means successor to the Messenger of God |
| Indonesia | Today, this country includes more Muslims than any other nation in the world |
| Timbuktu | African city that became a leading center of Muslim learning in the 1300s |
| Shiites | Believed that Ali, Muhammad's son-in-law, should succeed him and that all future caliphs should be Ali's decendants |
| Sunnies | Accepted the Umayyad dynasty as rightful caliphs, though they did not always agree with their policies |
| Sultan | Means "holder of power" |
| Suleiman | Most famous sultan who ruled in the 1500s, and a man of many talents |
| Moguls | In the 1500s, created another Muslim empire in India |
| Akbar | Greatest Mogul ruler who brought peace and order to the part of India he ruled by treating all his subjects fairly |
| Mosques | Muslim houses of worship |
| Bazaar | Marketplace |
| Mamun | In A.D. 830, this Abbasid caliph founded the House of Wisdom in Baghdad |
| Al-Razi | Lived from A.D. 865-A.D. 925 and developed a system for catagorizing substances as animal, mineral, or vegetable. Also wrote books for doctors that helped them to identify diseases |
| Ibn Sina | Persian doctor showed how diseases spread from person to person |
| Omar Khayyam | Persian poet who wrote the Rubaiyat around 1100 |
| Ibn Khaldun | Muslim historian wrote in 1375 that all civilizations rise, grow, and then fall. Also was one of the first historians to study the effects of geography and climate on people |
| Minarets | Towers on a mosque which a crier calls believers to prayer five tiems a day |
| Crier | Announcer |
