| A | B |
|---|
| cartography | the science of mapmaking |
| equator | imaginary line that lies at 0 degrees latitude and circles Earth midway between the north and south poles, dividing Earth into the northern and the southern hemispheres |
| latitude | distance in degrees north and south of the equator |
| longitude | distance in degrees east and west of the prime meridian |
| prime meridian | imaginary line representing 0 degrees longitude, running from the north pole, through Greenwich, England, to the south pole |
| International Date Line | the 180 degree meridian, which serves as the transition line for calendar days |
| Mercator projection | a map that has parallel lines of latitude and longitude |
| conic projection | a map made by projecting points and lines from a globe onto a cone |
| gnomonic projection | a map made by projecting points and lines onto a piece of paper that touches a globe at a single point |
| topographic map | a map that shows changes in elevation of Earth's surface |
| contour line | a line on a map that connects points of equal elevation |
| contour interval | the difference in elevation between two side-by-side contour lines on a map |
| map legend | a table that explains what the symbols on a map represents |
| map scale | the ratio between distances on a map and actual distances on the surface of Earth |
| remote sensing | collecting data about Earth from above Earth's surface |
| Landsat satellite | a satellite that receives reflected lightwaves of thermal energy emitted by Earth's surface |
| Topex/Poseidon satellite | a satellite that uses radar to map features on the ocean floor |
| Global Positioning System | a radio-navigation system of satellites that allows users to determine their exact position on Earth |
| sonar | the use of sound waves or echolocation to detect and measure distance to objects underwater |
| Geographic Information System | combines traditional types and styles of mapping |
