| A | B |
|---|
| Glaciers | Huge sheet of ice |
| Beringia | Dry land between Asia and America that was exposed when the seas were frozen into glaciers during the Ice Age |
| Hunter-Gathers | Groups of early peoples who hunted woolly mammoth, antelope, caribou, bison, and gathered nuts, fruits, or roots |
| Mesoamerica | Term to discribe middle america, it comes from a Greek word |
| Olmec | Early Indian civilization that began about 1200 B.C. near present-day Vera Cruz, they built a far-reaching trading empire that lasted about 800 years |
| Teotihtitlan | Site in central Mexico that in ancient times was one of the largest cities in the world, it was known as "the place of the Gods" |
| Maya | Another early Indian civilization that built a trading empire in the steamy rain forests of the Yucatan Peninsula |
| Toltec | These warrior nomads seized what is now northern Mexico, and built the city of Tula northwest of present-day Mexico City |
| Monopoly | Term that means "sole right" |
| Obsidian | Volcanic rock that was used to make weapons by Mesoamericans |
| Pachacuti | Greatest Incan leader, his name meant " Earthshaker" |
| Cuzco | The Capital of the IncaN empire |
| Quipu | A rope with knotted cords of different lengths and colors used to keep records |
| Igloos | Dome-shaped homes made from blocks of ice and snow |
| Adobe | A type of sun-dried mud brick used to build apartment style homes |
| Confederations | Governments that link several groups |
| Hispaniola | Island that today is made up of two countries, Haiti and the Dominican Republic |
| Conquistadors | Soldier-explorers sent to the Americas by Spain |
| Extremadura | Part of Spain that had poor soil, hot summers, icy winters and where many conquistadors came from |
| Hernan Cortes | Sapnish conquisador who conquered the Aztec empire |
| Montezuma II | Aztec emperor who was defeated by Cortes |
| Treason | Disloyalty to the government |
| Francisco Pizarro | Spanish conquisador who conquered the Incan empire |
| Atahualpa | Incan emperor who was defaeted by Pizzaro |
