| A | B |
|---|
| Vasco de Gama | Rounded the tip of Africa, raced across the Indian Ocean, and landed on India's coast which founded a water route to East Asia |
| Christopher Columbus | Italian navigator that discovered the world was round |
| Magellan | In 1520 this person left Spain and headed west to sail around the Americas and then all the way to Asia |
| Strait of Magellan | Passage around South America founded by Ferdinand Magellan |
| Jacques Carter | Sailed past Newfoundland and entered the St. Lawrence River |
| Moluccas | Spice Islands of Southeast Asia |
| Mercantilism | The idea that a country gains power by building up its supply of gold and silver |
| Export | To sell to other countries |
| Import | To buy from other countries |
| Colony | Settlement of people living in a new territory controlled by their home country |
| Commerce | The buying and selling of goods in large amounts over long distances |
| Invest | Put money into a project |
| Theory | An explanation of how or why something happens |
| Ptolemy | Egyptian-born astronomer that stated that the sun and the planets moved around the earth in circular paths |
| Copernicus | Polish mathematician that wrote a book called On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres in 1543. Believed in a simple, heliocentric, or sun-centered, theory of the universe |
| Kepler | Supported Copernicus's theory but also made corrections to it |
| Newton | An English mathematician that developed the idea of gravity |
| Descartes | One of the most important scientific thinkers. Wrote a book called Discourse on Method. Claimed that mathematics was the source of all scientific truth |
| Rationalism | Belief that reason is the chief source of knowledge |
| Hypothesis | Explanation of the facts |
| Natural Law | A law that applied to everyone and could be understood by reason |
| Thomas Hobbes | Wrote about English government and society. In 1651 wrote a book called Leviathan. Argued that natural law made absolute monarchy the best form of government |
| John Locke | English thinker that used natural law to affirm citizens' rights and to make and to make government answerable to the people |
| Social Contract | An agreement between rulers and the people |
| Montesquieu | A French thinker that published a book called The Spirit of Laws which said that England's government was the best because it had a seperation of powers |
| Seperation of Powers | Means that power should be equally divided among the branches of government: executive, judicial, and legislative |
| Voltaire | Greatest thinker of the Enlightenment, also known as Francois-Marie Arouet, and became known for his dislike of the Roman Catholic Church |
| Deism | A religious belief based on reason |
| Absolutism | In this system, monarchs held absolute power |
| Quebec | Trading post in Canada set up by Champlain, also became the capital of the colony of New France |
| Jamestown | The first town of a new colony called Virginia |
| Representative Government | Government in which people elect representatives to make laws and conduct government |
| Constitutions | Written plans of government |
| Boston | Where the largest tax protests had taken place |
| Tom Paine | Wrote a pamphlet called Common Sense which used strong words to condemn the king and urged the colonists to seperate from Great Britain |
| Thomas Jefferson | Wrote the Declaration of Independance |
| Popular Sovereignty | Idea that government receives its powers from the people |
| Limited Government | The idea that a government may use only those powers given to it by the people |
