| A | B |
|---|
| diffusion | movement of particles from areas of higher concentration (crowded) to lower concentration (less crowded) |
| osmosis | diffusion of water through the cell membrane |
| semipermeable membrane | allows only certain substances to pass through |
| passive transport | the movement of substances across a cell membrane WITHOUT the use of energy |
| active transport | the movement of substances across a cell membrane using energy |
| endocytosis | process in which a cell membrane encloses a particle in a vesicle bringing it into the cell |
| exocytosis | process in which a cell membrane releases a particle through a vesicle |
| photosynthesis | process in which plants use energy from the sun to produce food |
| cellular respiration | process in which animal cells use oxygen to produce energy from food |
| fermentation | the breakdown of food without the use of oxygen |
| vesicles | tiny sacs formed from pieces of the cell membrane; enclose particles |
| cell cycle | the life cycle of a cell |
| chromosomes | threadlike structures that contain a cell's DNA |
| homologous chromosomes | pairs of similar chromosomes |
| mitosis | the four-part process in which a cell divides |
| chromatids | copies of chromosomes |
| centromere | region where chromatids are joined together |
| cell plate | forms between the two new plants cells as they are formed; it later becomes the cell wall |
| interphase | mitosis prepares to begin; chromosomes are copied |
| prophase | the second stage of mitosis; nuclear membrance dissolves and chromosomes condense |
| metaphase | the third state of mitosis; chromosomes line up along the equator; homologous chromosomes pair up |
| anaphase | the third stage of mitosis; chromosomes separate and move to opposite sides of the cell |
| telophase | the fourth phase of mitosis; a nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes; mitosis is complete |
| cytokinesis | the end of the cell cycle; the cell pinches in two or a cell plate forms between the two new cells |
| chlorophyll | the main pigment used in photosynthesis; gives plants their green color |
| glucose | simple sugar made by plants during photosynthesis |
| glucose and oxygen | byproducts of photosynthesis |
| carbon dioxide, water and ATP | byproducts of cellular respiration |
| ATP | Adenosine TriPhosphate; supplies energy for cell activities |
| molecules | small particles which make up water |
| mitosis | cell division in eukaryotic cells; new cells contain the same number of chromosomes as original |
