| A | B |
|---|
| DNA | the genetic material that determines inherited characteristics |
| nucleotide | a subunit that consists of a sugar, a phosphate and a base |
| thymine | base which pairs with adenine |
| cytosine | base which pairs with guanine |
| Chargraff's rules | The amount of guanine = the amount of cytosine; amount of adenine = the amount of thymine |
| X-ray diffraction | process in which X-rays are aimed at the DNA molecule to capture image on film |
| Rosalind Franklin | used X-ray diffraction to make images revealing structure of DNA |
| Watson and Crick | scientists who created ladder model of DNA |
| double helix | twisted ladder model of DNA |
| replicate | to make copies of DNA |
| nucleotides | form the "rungs" of the DNA ladder |
| bases | form the "sides" of the DNA ladder |
| chromosome | threadlike structures which contain the genetic material in a cell |
| RNA | RiboNucleic Acid; helps in production of protein; can serve as a temporary copy of DNA |
| messenger RNA | mirrorlike copy of a DNA sequence |
| ribosome | a cell organelle made of RNA and protein |
| mutation | a change in the number, type or order of bases on a piece of DNA |
| sickle cell disease | disease which causes painful blood clots |
| genetic engineering | process in which scientists change individual genes in an organism |
| clone | an exact genetic copy of another living thing |
| chromatin | DNA in a nucleus is packaged in long strands of this bundled within the nucleus |
