| A | B |
|---|
| carbohydrates | a class of nutrients that includes sugars, starches & fibers; body's main source of energy |
| monosaccharide | a carbohydrate made of a single sugar unit |
| glucose | a monossacharide that circulates in the bloodstream and serves as the body's source of energy |
| disaccharide | a carbohydrate made up of two sugar units |
| sugars | a collective term used to refer to all the monosaccharidds and disaccharides |
| polysaccharide | a carbohydrate made up of many sugar units that are linked in straight or branched chains |
| starch | a polysaccharide that is the storage form of energy in plants |
| fiber | indigestible polysaccharides that make up the tough, fibrous cell walls of plants |
| simple carbohydrate | a monosaccharide or disaccharide |
| complex carbohydrate | a polysaccharide; starch or fiber |
| soluble fiber | an indigestible carbohydrate from plants that dissolves in water |
| insoluble fiber | an indigestible carbohydrate from plants that does not dissolve in water |
| hormone | a chemical produced in the body and released into the bloodstream to regulate specific body processes |
| insulin | a hormone secreted by the pancreas to regulate blood glucose levels |
| glycogen | the body's storage form of glucose |
| satiety | the feeling of fullness a person has after eating food |
| refined sugar | a carbohydrate sweetener that is separated from its natural source for use as a food additive |
| supplement | a concentrated source of a nutrient, usually in pill, liquid, or powder form |
| dental caries | tooth decay |
| diabetes mellitus | a lack of or an inability to use the hormone insulin, which results in a buildup of glucose in the bloodstream |
| hypoglycemia | a low blood glucose level |
| lactose intolerance | an inability to digest lactose, the main cargohydrte in milk, due to a lack of the digestive enzyme lactase |
