| A | B |
|---|
| Anatomy | the structure of the body, to dissect, cut apart, ad separate the parts of the body |
| Physiology | functions of living things. |
| chemicals | interactions between atoms - combined they form molecules like water, salt, sugar, protein |
| Cells | basic unit of life |
| Organelles | units inside the cell |
| Tissues | group of similar cells that work together to do a function |
| Organs | made up of 2 or more tissues to perform one or more common functions |
| Bladder, skin, stomach, eye, heart | organs |
| epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous | tissues |
| water, salt, sugar, proteins | chemicals |
| Organ system | group of organs classed as a unit because of a common function or functions |
| releated so that dysfunction of one can affect others | organ systems |
| Organism | any living thing considered as a whole |
| single celled bacterium or a trillion cell system like a human | organism |
| The Characteristic of Life | organisms have many characteristics in common with other organisms |
| organization, metabolishm, responsiveness, growth, development, reproduction | the most important things life and all living things have in common |
| Organization | parts of an organism have specific relationships to interact and perfomr specific functions |
| a cell needs ___ and it's ___ need molecultes | organelles |
| metabolism | the chemical and physical changes taking place in the organism |
| breaking down food and coverting it to energy or growth, development, and reproduction | metabolism |
| Responsiveness | the organism's ability to sense changes in the enviornment and make adjustments to maintain its life |
| Growing extra fur to protect against winter cold | Responsiviness |
| Growth | this can be an increase in the number of cells, cell organism size, or amount of substance surrounding the cell |
| Development | changes an organism goes through from fertilization to death |
| Differentiation | the change in the cell sturcture and function from general to specialized |
| a fertilized egg grows into specialized cells for bone, muscle, skin, nerve cells, and organs | differentiation |
| Reproduction | formation of new cells or a new organism |
| puppies, kittens, babies | examples of reproduction |
| Homeostasis | The existence and maintenance neccesary for the body to maintain a constant internal environment |
| Variables | things that constantly change in the body |
| fluid, pressure or temperature | variables |
| Variables are the main focus to maintain ____ | homeostasis |
| Sweating or shivering | way for our body to maintain an ideal norm temperature |
| Normal or ideal body temperature | set point |
| Our body doesn't need to be exactly at set point | true |
| Two mechanisms to maintain homeostasis | Negative feedback, Positive feedback |
| Negative feedback | regulates MOST systems in the body |
| resists change | negative feedback |
| Negative feedback has 3 components | Receptor, Control Center, Effector |
| Receptor | Part of neg. feedback - monitors the variable |
| Control Center | Part of neg. feedback - receives info @ the variable, establishes the set point, controls the variable |
| Effector | Part of neg. feedback - produces responses that change the value of the variable |
| Large blood vessels contain ___ which regulate blood pressure | Receptors |
| The _____ is in the brain and receives messages from the Receptor | Control Center |
| the blood pressure is increased or decreased by an ___ | effector |
| Positive Feedback | Rare in healthy aduls and is NOT homeostatic |
| When there is a change in a normal value ____ makes it greater | positivie feedback |
| In extremem blood losss, positive feedback could cause the heart to work harder and cause the blood pressure to drop even more | true |
| Positive feedback is not helpful during childbirth | false |
| Lymphatic system | removes foreign substances, combats disease, and maintain tissue fluid balance |
| Repiratory system | exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood and cells |
| Digestive system | Mechanical and chemical processes to digest and absorb nutrients and eliminate waste |
| Integumentary System | Protects, regulates temperature, reduces water loss, provdes vitamin D |
| Skeletal system | protects, supports, allows body movements, produces blook cells and stores mineral fats. |
| Muscular system | Produces movement, maintains pressure and produces heat |
| Nervous system | regulatory system that detects sensations and controls movements, physiological processes, and intellectual functions |
| Endocrine system | regulates metabolism, growth, and reproduction |
| Cardiovascular system | transports nutrients, waste products, gases and hormones throughout the body |
| Urinary System | removes waste from blood and regulates blood pH, iron balance and water balance |
