| A | B |
|---|
| psychology | The science of behavior and mental processes |
| behavior | Directly observable and measurable human actions |
| mental processes | Private psychological activities that include thinking, perceiving, and feeling |
| introspection | The process of looking inward at one's own consciousness |
| structuralism | The 19th Century school of psychology that sought to determine the structure of the mind through controlled introspection |
| Gestalt psychology | An organized or unified whole |
| functionalism | The 19th Century school of psychology that emphasized the useful functions of consciousness |
| cognition | The intellectual processes through which information is obtained, transformed, stored, retrieved, and otherwise used |
| cognitive psychology | The viewpoint in psychology that emphasizes the importance of cognitive processes, such as perception, memory, and thinking |
| behaviorism | The school os psychology that emphasizes the process of learning and the measurement of overt behavior |
| social learning theory | The viewpoint that the most important parts of our behavior are learned from other persons in society - family, friends, and culture |
| psychoanalysis | A method of psychotherapy developed by Freud based on his belief that the root of all psychological problems is unconscious conflicts between the id, the ego, and the superego |
| humanistic psychology | The psychological view that human beings possess an innate tendency to improve and determine their lives by the decisions they make |
| neuroscience perspective | The viewpoint in psychology that focuses on the nervous system in explaining behavior and mental processes |
| sociocultural perspective | The theory of psychology that states that it is necessary to understand one's culture, ethnic identity, and other socioculture factors to fully understand the person |
| culture | The pattern of behavior, beliefs, and values shared by a group of people |
| ethnic group | A group of persons who are decendants of a common group of ancestors |
| ethnic identity | Each person's sense of belonging to a particular ethnic group. |
| gender identity | One's view of oneself as male or female. |
| cultural relativity | The perspective that promotes thinking of different cultures in relative terms rather than judgmental terms. |
| applied psychologists | Psychologists that use knowledge of psychology to solve and prevent human problems. |
| scientific methods | Methods of gathering information based on systematic observation. |
| survey method | A research method that utilizes interviews and questionnaires with individuals in the community |
| naturalistic observation | A research method based on recording behavior as it occurs in natural life settings. |
| clinical method | The method of studying people while they are receiving psychological help from a psychologist. |
| correlational method | A research method that measures the strength of the relation between the variables. |
| formal experiment | Research method that allows the researcher to manipulate the independent variable to study its effect on the dependent variable. |
| dependent variable | The variable whose quantitative value depends on the effects of the independent variable. |
| independent variable | The variable whose quantitative value can be independently controlled by the researcher. |
