| A | B |
| ethos | an appeal to the ethics and character of the speaker |
| syntax | sentence structure or arrangement of words in a sentence |
| inductive argument | beginning with specific ideas going to general ideas |
| deductive argument | moving from general ideas to specific ideas |
| logical marker | transitional words that show relationships |
| implied thesis | the central idea of an essay that is not directly stated |
| polysyndeton | the repetition of conjunctions |
| asyndeton | the lack of conjunctions |
| allusion | referring to literature, art or history in a piece of literature |
| listing | use of a list to emphasize a point with numerous examples |
| rapport | the relationship an author tries to develop |
| affiliation | the author's stated or implied membership or allegiance with a group |