| A | B |
|---|
| Clone | a member of a population of genetically identical organisms produced from a single cell |
| Nucleus | This is taken from a body cell and put into an egg cell to create a clone |
| Dolly | Name of the first cloned sheep |
| Genetic engineering | the process of making changes in the DNA code of living organisms |
| Disease resistance | A property of plants which is selected so that bacteria and fungi don't attack them |
| Pesticide | A chemical which kills weeds. Some, genetically modified crops are unaffected |
| Infertility | A genetically engineered property of plants which stops them passing engineered genes to wild plants |
| Selective breeding | A process which involves choosing the best organisms and mating them together for many generations |
| Inbreeding | A problem if you breed closely related plants for too many generations |
| Yield | A word meaning the amount a particular plant can produce. |
| Protein | Chemical which a gene codes for |
| Ethical | Moral arguments |
| Vector | Something which is used to carry genes between organisms |
| Bacteria | Organism which reproduces fast and is often used to produce genetically engineered products such as insulin |
| Plasmid | A circular piece of DNA found in bacteria into which genes are often inserted |
| Virus | 'Organism' which injects genes into cells |
| Gene therapy | The branch of medicine which tries to replace faulty genes with good versions |
| Reproduce | What bacteria do very quickly which makes them a good organism to genetically engineer |
| Pancreas | The part of a pig used to obtain insulin before genetically engineered insulin was available |
| Diabetes | Disease which people have who need (genetically engineered) insulin |
| Hybridization | the breeding technique that involves crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best traits of both organisms |
| Restriction Enzyme | the enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides |
| Gel Electrophoresis | the procedure used to separate and analyze DNA fragments by placing a mixture of DNA fragments at one end of a porous gel and applying an electrical voltage to the gel |
| Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) | the technique that allows molecular biologists to make many copies of a perticular gene |
| Genetic Marker | the gene that makes it possible to distinguish bacteria that carry a plasmid with foreign DNA from those that don't |
| Transgenic | a term used to refer to an organism that contains genes from other organisms |
