| A | B |
|---|
| Substance | Matter that has a uniform and unchanging composition, made up of only one type of particle |
| Chemical Reaction | A chemical reaction creates a new substance or substances(reactants to products) |
| The Law of Conservation of Mass | Mass can either be gained or lost in a chemical reaction |
| Solid | Definite volume, definite shape |
| Liquid | Definite volume, indefinite shape |
| Gas | Indefinite volume, indefinite shape |
| Vapor | The gaseous phase of a substance that is a liquid or solid under standard conditions |
| Types of Matter | Solid, liquid, gas |
| Fourth State of Matter | Plasma |
| Plasma | Most abundant form of matter in the universe(ionized gas) |
| Matter And Mixtures of Matter | Element, compounds, mixtures |
| Element | A pure substance that is made up of only one type of atom and cannot be broken down by physical or chemical means |
| Compounds | A combination of two or more different elements that are combined chemically |
| Mixtures | A combination of two or more pure substances in which each pure substance retains its physical properties |
| Types of Mixtures | Homogenous and Heterogenous |
| Homogenous Mixtures | Mixtures in which the composition is uniform throughout, also called a solution |
| Heterogenous Mixtures | Mixtures in which the composition is not uniform throughout, known as a mixture |
| A Solid Solution | Alloy |
| Separation of Elements | Can only be broken down by nuclear reactions |
| Separation of Compounds | Can only be broken down by chemical reactions |
| Separation of Mixtures and Solutions | Can be broken down by physical means |
| Physical Properties of Matter | Properties of the substance that can be measured without changing the chemical nature of the substance |
| Intensive Physical Properties of Matter | Properties that are Independent of the Amount of matter present |
| Extensive Physical Properties of Matter | Properties that are Dependent on the Amount of matter present |
| Chemical Properties of Matter | Properties of a substance that cannot be measured without changing the chemical nature of the substance |
| Two Changes of Matter | Chemical and Physical Changes |
| Physical Changes | Changes that do not alter the chemical composition of a substance |
| Chemical Changes | Changes that alter the chemical composition of a substance |
| Percent Element | Mass Element/Mass Compound |
| Law of Definite Proportions | A compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportion by mass |
| Law of Multiple Proportions | When different compounds are formed by the same elements, different masses of one element combine with the same relative mass of the other element in ratios of small whole numbers |
| Filtration | Separates mixtures by particle size |
| Distillation | Separates mixtures by differences in boiling point |
| Chromatography | A broad range of physical methods used to separate and or to analyze complex mixtures by their attraction to a liquid or solid |
| Three Types of Chromatography | Paper, glass, column |
| Paper Chromatography | Substances are distributed between a stationary phase and a mobile phase. The stationary phase is usually a piece of high quality filter paper. The mobile phase is a solution that travels up the Components of the sample will separate readily according to how strongly they absorb on the stationary phase versus how readily they dissolve in the mobile phase |
| Gas Chromatography | Involves a sample being vaporized and injected onto the head of the chromatographic column. The sample is transported through the column by the flow of inert, gaseous mobile phase. The column itself contains a liquid stationary phase which is absorbed onto the surface of an inert solid |
| Column Chromatography | A sample is loaded onto a column of adsorbant, such as silica gel or alumina. A solvent or a mixture of solvents flows down through the column. Components of the sample separate from each other by partitioning between the stationary packing material and the mobile solvent |
| Physical Means of Separation | Filtration, distillation, chromotography |
