| A | B |
|---|
| Hamilcar Barca | Carthaginian general defeated in Sicily by Roman forces |
| Hannibal | son of Hamilcar, Carthaginian general during 2nd Punic War |
| Cartagena | New Carthage, naval base in Spain for Cathaginian forces |
| Ebro River | boundary line in treaty between Rome and Carthage |
| Saguntum | an ally of Rome in Spain, beseiged by Hannibal |
| Pyrenees Mountains | separate Spain from Gaul (France) |
| Lake Trasimene | 217 BC Battle between forces of Hannibal and Flaminius, 15,000 Romans killed |
| Flaminius | impetuous Roman commander defeated at Lake Trasimene, killed by his own troops. |
| Quintus Fabius Maximus | Roman dictator, strategy to keep the Carthaginians in sight, but not get into pitched battle with them. |
| Cannae | 216 BC, worst defeat for Romans 50,000 men in one battle |
| double encirclement | strategy used by Hannibal, to encircle the Roman infantry with Carthaginian cavalry |
| Capua | town in Italy which defected to Hannibal, which he used as a base of operations |
| Spain | successful raids made by Romans on Carthaginians quartered in this country, blocked Hannibals reinforcements |
| Philip of Macedonia | king who allied with CArthage but received no assistance from Hannibal when Rome attacked Northern Greece |
| Syracuse | city in Sicily revolted against Rome, sought assistance of Carthage, held out for two years, fell in 212 BC |
| Archimedes | philosopher and inventor of gadgets i.e. catapult |
| Cunctator | nickname of consul Q Fabius Maximus, title of honor for saving the state by delaying battle |
| Tarentum | town captured by Fabius which had defected to CArthage |
| Hasdrubal | brother of Hannibal who broke out of Spain with reinforcements for Hannibal |
| Metaurus River | site where Hasdrubal was defeated by 2 Roman armies |
| Publius Cornelius Scipio | Roman General, captured Cartagena and defeats Hannibal in Zama |
| New Carthage 209 BC | captured by Scipio |
| Spain 206 BC | third Roman province |
| Zama | 202 BC battle between forces of Hannibal and Scipio, Scipio wins |
| terms of treaty | Carthage loses all ships and elephants, undertake no aggressive action without Rome's permission |
| Africanus | nickname given to Scipio after his defeat of Hannibal |
| Hellenistic kingdoms | segments of Alexander the Great's empire, unnerved by Rome's might |
| Illyrian Pirates | 217 BC defensive campaign aginst these marauders by Rome |
| Macedonia | Greek Hellenistic kingdom broken up in 196, became a Roman province |
| Corinth | 146 BC sacked by Romans as a warning to the rest of the Greek cities |
| Achaia | Roman province of cities in Greece |
| King Antiochus of Syria | Rome goes to war with him to end his interference with Greek states |
| client kingdoms | unofficial allies of Rome and defenders of Romen interests in the East |
| Numidia | ruled by King Massinissa, attacked by Carthage, violation of treaty with Rome |
| Marcus Cato | conservative Roman politician who urged Rome to destroy Carthage |
| Carthage 146 | Rome's final defeat of the city, becomes province of Africa |
| proconsule | sent to province to govern, excellent opportunity for financial security |
| quaestio de rebus repetundis | special court to prosecute governors who were accused of corruption in provinces |
