| A | B |
|---|
| A.D. or C.E. | a date after the birth of Jesus |
| B.C. or B.C.E. | a date before the birth of Jesus |
| Common Era | what C.E. means |
| archeologist | scientist who studies ancient cultures |
| artifact | object made in the past |
| hunter-gatherers | people living before 10,000 B.C.E. |
| hunting animals and gathering edible plants | how the earliest people got their food |
| domesticate | tame animals or grow plants for human use |
| Egypt | civilization that developed along the Nile River |
| Nile River | longest river in the world |
| Mediterranean | sea between Europe and Africa |
| Mesopotamia | land between the two rivers |
| Tigris/Euphrates | rivers of Mesopotamia |
| China | civilization that developed along the Huang He (Yellow) River |
| Nile River Valley | site of ancient civilizations of Egypt and Nubia |
| Nubia | ancient civilization south of Egypt |
| Indus River Valley | site of ancient civilization between present-day Pakistan and India |
| Himalayas | tallest mountains of the world |
| agriculture | farming |
| Huang He | another name for the Yellow River |
| Arabian Sea | Indus River empties into this body of water |
| shard | a broken piece of pottery |
| Africa | continent where the first human beings lived |
| fertile | good for growing crops |
| crops | plants grown for human use |
