| A | B |
|---|
| Jericho | dates back around 8000 B.C., located in West Bank between Israel and Jordan |
| Catal Huyuk | dates back around 6700 B.C. to 5700 B.C., located in present-day Turkey |
| historian | people who study and write about the human past |
| archaeologist | hunt for evidence buried in the ground |
| artifact | weapons, tools, and other things made by humans |
| fossil | traces of plants or animals that have been preserved in rock |
| anthropologist | study how humans developed and how they relate to one another |
| nomad | people who regularly move from place to place |
| technology | tools and methods to help humans perform tasks |
| domesticate | tame animals and plants for human use |
| specialization | development of different kinds of jobs |
| Tigris River | was northern river in Mesopotamia |
| Euphrates River | was southern river in Mesopotamia |
| Mesopotamia | means "land between the rivers" |
| Sumer | region of southern Mesopotamia |
| Babylon | powerful Mesopotamian city by the Euphrates River |
| Sargon | king of Akkadians around 2340 B.C. |
| Hammurabi | Babylonian king begining in 1792 B.C., best known for his collection of laws |
| civilization | complex societies |
| irrigation | way of watering crops |
| city-state | own government and was not part of any larger unit |
| artisan | skilled workers who made metal products, cloth, or pottery |
| cuneiform | Sumerian writing |
| scribe | record keepers |
| empire | group of many different lands under one ruler |
| Assyria | had fertile valleys north of the Tigris River |
| Persian Gulf | east boundary of the Assyrian empire |
| Nineveh | Assyrian empires captial city |
| Hanging Gardens | one of the ancient wonders in the world, it was a staircase of greenery located in Babylon |
| Nebuchadnezzar | king of the Chaldeans controlled all of Mesopotamia from 605 B.C. to 562 B.C. |
| province | political districts |
| caravan | groups of traveling merchants |
| astronomer | people who study the stars, the planets, and the phases of the moon |
