| A | B |
|---|
| atom | The smallest basic unit of matter. |
| element | one particular type of atom and can not be broken down into a simpler substance by ordinary chemical means |
| compound | a substance made of atoms of different elements bonded together ina substance made of atoms of different elements bonded together in a certain ratio. |
| ion | an atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons |
| ionic bond | an ionic bond forms through the electrical force between oppositely charged ions. |
| covalent bond | A covalent bond forms when atoms share a pair of electorns. |
| molecule | two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds |
| hydrogen bond | attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom |
| cohesion | attraction between molecules of the same substance |
| adhesion | attraction between molecules of different substances |
| solution | mixture that is consistent throughout |
| solvent | substance in which solutes dissolve and that is present in greatest concentration in a solution |
| solute | substance that dissolves in a solvent and is present at a lower concentration than the solvent |
| acid | compound that donates a proton (H+) when dissolved in a solution |
| base | compound that accepts a proton (H+) when dissolved in a solution |
| pH | measurement of acidity |
| monomer | molecular subunit of a polymer |
| polymer | large, carbon-based molecule formed by monomers |
| carbohydrate | molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| lipid | nonpolar molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| fatty acid | hydrocarbon chain often bonded to glycerol in a lipid. |
| protein | is a polymer made of monomers called amino acid. |
| amino acid | molecule that make up proteins. |
| nucleic acid | polymer of nucleotides. |
| chemical reaction | process by which substance changes into different substance through the breaking and forming of chemical bonds |
| reactant | substance that is changed by a chemical reaction. |
| product | substance forming by a chemical reaction. |
| bond energy | is the amount of energy that will break a bond between two atoms. |
| equilibrium | is reach when both the reactant and product are made at the same rate. |
| activation energy | is the amount of energy that needs to be absorbed for a chemical reaction to start. |
| exothermic | chemical reaction that requires a net release of energy |
| endothermic | chemical reaction that requires a net input of energy |
| catalyst | substance that decreases activation energy and increases reaction rate in a chemical reaction |
| enzyme | protein that catalyzes chemical reactions for organisms |
| substrate | reactant in a chemical reaction upon which an enzyme acts |
